Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-xbtfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T11:26:11.217Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Resistance to alternative management in fisheries: Economic and cultural considerations of North Carolina's commercial fishers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 January 2016

Scott Crosson
Scott Crosson*
Affiliation:
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Southeast Fisheries Science Center, 75 Virginia Beach Dr., Miami, FL 33149. scott.crosson@noaa.gov
Get access

Abstract

Research in recent decades has shown that although conventional fisheries management strategies such as fishing seasons, size limits, or gear restrictions can provide sufficient biological protection to fisheries stocks, they do not necessarily lead to satisfactory social or economic outcomes. In their stead, the merits and shortcomings of a variety of alternate management systems, including individual transferable quotas, have been proposed, implemented, and analyzed. Few investigations, however, have examined actual fishers' preferences for different management systems. Integrating results from a mail survey of North Carolina commercial fishers with their individual harvest histories and sociodemographic profiles shows that economic and cultural variables both play a significant role in management system preference. The analysis introduces the use of the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), a measure of investment diversity, as a measure of diversity in fisheries harvests and demonstrates an association with management preferences. Social and family factors are also notable indicators.

Keywords

Community-based managementfisheries managementindividual transferable quotas (ITQs)market-based managementNorth Carolinaharvest diversity
Type
Research Articles
Information
Politics and the Life Sciences , Volume 30 , Issue 2 , Fall 2011 , pp. 31 - 42
Copyright
Copyright © Association for Politics and the Life Sciences 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Hardin, Gareth, “The tragedy of the commons,” Science 1968, 162(3859):1243–1248.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2. Scott Gordon, H., “The economic theory of a common-property resource: The fishery.” Journal of Political Economy 1954, 62(2):124–134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3. Jones, P. J. S., “Arguments for conventional fisheries management and against no take marine protected areas: Only half of the story?” Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 2007, 17(1):31–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4. Clark, Colin, The Worldwide Crisis in Fisheries: Economic Models and Human Behavior (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006).Google Scholar
5. Imperial, Mark and Yandle, Tracy, “Taking institutions seriously: Using the IAD framework to analyze fisheries policy,” Society and Natural Resources 2005, 6(18): 493–509.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6. Hilborn, Ray, Punt, André E, and Orensanz, José Hilborn, “Beyond band-aids in fisheries management: Fixing world fisheries,” Bulletin of Marine Science 2004, 74(3):493–507.Google Scholar
7. Clark, Ian, “Individual transferable quotas: The New Zealand experience,” Marine Policy 1993, 5(17):340–342.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8. Costello, Christopher, Gaines, Steven D., and Lynham, John, “Can catch shares prevent fisheries collapse?” Science 2008, 321(5896):1678–1680.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9. Newell, Richard, Sanchirico, James, and Kerr, Suzi, “Fishing quota markets,” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 2005, 49(3):437–462.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10. Bromley, Daniel, “The crisis in ocean governance: Conceptual confusion, spurious economics, political indifference,” MAST 2008, 6(2):7–22.Google Scholar
11. Wingard, John D., “Community transferable quotas: Internalizing externalities and minimizing social impacts of fisheries management,” Human Organization 2000, 59(1):48–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12. Quentin Grafton, R., Arnason, Ragnar, Bj⊘rndal, Trond, Campbell, David, Campbell, Harry F., Clark, Colin W., Connor, Robin, Dupont, Diane P., Hannesson, Rögnvaldur, Hilborn, Ray, Kirkley, James E., Kompas, Tom, Lane, Daniel E., Munro, Gordon R., Pascoe, Sean, Squires, Dale, Steinshamn, Stein Ivar, Turris, Bruce R., and Weninger, Quinn, “Perspective: Incentive-based approaches to sustainable fisheries,” Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2006, 63(3):699–710.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13. Acheson, James, “Institutional failure in resource management,” Annual Review of Anthropology 2006, 35(1):117–134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14. Macinko, Seth and Bromley, Daniel, Who Owns America's Fisheries? (Washington, DC: Island Press, 2002).Google Scholar
15. Roberts, Callum M., Bohnsack, James A., Gell, Fiona, Hawkins, Julie P., and Goodridge, Renata, “Effects of marine reserves on adjacent fisheries,” Science 2001, 30(294): 1920–1923.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16. Smith, Tony, Gibbs, Mark, and Smith, David, “Fishing for more effective incentives,” Science 2008, 323(5912): 337–338.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17. Ban, Natalie, Caldwell, Iain, Green, Thomas, Morgan, Siân, O'Donnell, Kerrie, and Selgrath, Jennifer, “Diverse fisheries require diverse solutions,” Science 2008, 323(5912):338–339.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18. McCay, Bonnie J., Creed, Carolyn F., Finlayson, Alan Christopher, Apostle, Richard, and Mikalsen, Knut, “Individual Transferable Quotas (ITQs) in Canadian and U.S. fisheries,” Ocean and Coastal Management 1995, 28(1–3):85–116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19. Lam, Mimi E. and Pauly, Daniel, “Who's right to fish? Evolving a new social contract for ethical fisheries,” Ecology and Society 2010, 15(3):16–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20. McKay, Bonnie, Apostle, Richard, and Creed, Carolyn F., “Individual Transferable Quotas, co-management, and community: Lessons from Nova Scotia,” Fisheries 1998, 23(4):20–23.Google Scholar
21. Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Council, “Final Amendment 26 to the Gulf of Mexico Reef Fish Fishery Management Plan to establish a red snapper individual fishing quota program,” March 2006, Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Council, Tampa, FL, http://www.gulfcouncil.org/fishery_management_plans/reef_fish_management.php, accessed January 12, 2012.Google Scholar
22. North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, North Carolina Marine Fisheries Commission Rules 2011, Division of Marine Fisheries, Morehead City, NC, http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/mf/rules-and-regulations, accessed January 12, 2012.Google Scholar
23. Mid-Atlantic Fishery Management Council, “Amendment 8 to the Fishery Management Plan for the Atlantic surf clam and ocean quohog fishery,” July 1988, Mid-Atlantic Fishery Management Council, Dover, DE, http://mafmc.org/fmp/history/scoq.htm, accessed January 12, 2012.Google Scholar
24. South Atlantic Fishery Management Council, “Amendment 3 to the Fishery Management Plan for the Snapper Grouper Fishery of the South Atlantic region,” April 1981, Mid-Atlantic Fishery Management Council, Dover, DE, http://www.safmc.net/Library/SnapperGrouper/tabid/415/Default.aspx, accessed January 12, 2012.Google Scholar
25. South Atlantic Fishery Management Council, Report of the Limited Access Privilege Program Exploratory Workgroup, July 2007, South Atlantic Fishery Management Council, North Charleston, SC, http://www.safmc.net/SocioEconomic/LimitedAccessPrivileges/tabid/486/Default.aspx, accessed January 12, 2012.Google Scholar
26. North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, “Social and economic data,” Division of Marine Fisheries, Morehead City, NC, http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/mf/social-economic-data-reports, accessed January 12, 2012.Google Scholar
27. North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, “Overview of the Fisheries Reform Act of 1997,” August 1997, Division of Marine Fisheries, Morehead City, NC, http://www.ncfisheries.net/content/reform/reform.htm, accessed January 12, 2012.Google Scholar
28. Garrity-Blake, Barbara and Nash, Barry, An Inventory of Fish Houses along Coastal North Carolina, http://www.ncseagrant.org, accessed January 12, 2012.Google Scholar
29. North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, 2011 License-Statistics Annual Report, November 2011, Division of Marine Fisheries, Morehead City, NC, http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/mf/commercial-fishing-annual-reports, accessed January 12, 2012.Google Scholar
30. Crosson, Scott, “A social and economic analysis of commercial fisheries in North Carolina: Core Sound,” 2007, North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resource Division of Marine Fisheries, Morehead City, NC, http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/mf/social-economic-data-reports, accessed January 12, 2012.Google Scholar
31. North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, “Marine fisheries advisor,” November 2008, Marine Fisheries Commission, Kill Devil Hills and Ocracoke, NC, http://www.ncfisheries.net/mfc/advisor/MFC11_08.htm and http://www.ncfisheries.net/mfc/advisor/MFC11_07.html, accessed January 12, 2012.Google Scholar
32. Branch, Trevor A, Hilborn, Ray, Haynie, Alan C, Fay, Gavin, Flynn, Lucy, Griffiths, Jennifer, Marshall, Kristin N, Randall, Jeffrey K, Scheuerell, Jennifer M, Ward, Eric J, and Young, Mark, “Fleet dynamics and fishers behavior: Lessons for fisheries managers,” Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2006, 63(7):1647–1668.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
33. Ostrom, Elinor, Janssen, Marco A., and Anderies, John M., “Going beyond panaceas,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2007, 104(39):15176–15178.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
34. General Assembly of North Carolina, “Management of striped bass fishery,” First Session, 2009. SB 108.Google Scholar
35. Bradshaw, Matt “A combination of state and market through ITQs in the Tasmanian commercial rock lobster fishery: The tail wagging the dog?” Fisheries Research, 2004, 6(2):99–109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
36. Quentin Grafton, R., “Individual transferable quotas: Theory and practice.” Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 1996, 6(1):5–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
37. Buck, Eugene, Individual Transferable Quotas in Fishery Management (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, 1995).Google Scholar
38. Smith, Courtland, “Resource scarcity and inequality in the distribution of catch,” North American Journal of Fisheries Management 1990, 10(3):269–278.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
39. Smith, Courtland and McKelvey, Robert, “Specialist and generalist: Roles for coping with variability,” North American Journal of Fisheries Management 1986, 6(1): 88–99.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
40. Knapp, Gordon, “Initial effects of the Alaska halibut IFQ program: Survey comments of Alaska fishers,” Marine Resource Economics 1997, 12(3):239–248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
41. Hirschman, Albert, “The paternity of an index,” American Economic Review 1964, 54(5):761–762.Google Scholar
42. Stewart, James and Callagher, Peter, “Quota concentration in the New Zealand fishery: Annual catch entitlement and the small fisher,” Marine Policy 2011, 35(5):631–646.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
43. Connor, Robin, “Trends in fishing capacity and aggregation of fishing rights in New Zealand under Individual Transferable Quota,” in Use of Property Rights in Fisheries Management, Shotton, Ross, ed. (Rome: FAO, 2000), pp. 267–278.Google Scholar
44. Demsetz, Rebecca and Strahan, Phillip, “Diversification, size, and risk at bank holding companies,” Journal of Money, Credit and Banking 1997, 29(3):300–313.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
45. Dorna, Daniel and Huberman, Gur, “Preferred risk habitat of individual investors,” Journal of Financial Economics 2010, 97(1): 155–173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
46. Hoffmann, Avrid, Shefrin, Hersh, and Pennings, Joost, “Behavioral portfolio analysis of individual investor,” http://ssrn.com/abstract=1629786, accessed January 12, 2012.Google Scholar
47. Johnson, Ronald N. and Libecap, Gary D., “Contracting problems and regulation: The case of the fishery,” American Economic Review 1982, 72(5):1005–1022.Google Scholar
48. Matulich, Scott and Clark, Michael, “North Pacific halibut and sablefish IFQ policy design: Quantifying the impacts on processors,” Marine Resource Economics 2003, 18(2):149–166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
49. Crosson, Scott, “A social and economic analysis of commercial fisheries in North Carolina: Atlantic Ocean,” 2009, Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Marine Fisheries, Morehead City, NC, http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/mf/social-economic-data-reports, accessed January 12, 2012.Google Scholar
50. Virginia Marine Resources Commission, “Pertaining to the taking of striped bass,” February 2011, Virginia Marine Resources Commission, Newport News, VA, http://www.mrc.state.va.us/regulations/fr252.shtm, accessed January 12, 2012.Google Scholar
51. Beddington, J. R., Agnew, D. J., and Clark, C. W., “Current problems in the management of marine fisheries,” Science 2007, 316(5832):1713–1716.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
52. Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Reauthorization Act of 2006, Pub. L. 109–479, § 120 Stat. 3575.Google Scholar
53. Ostrom, Elinor, Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action (Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press, 1990).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
54. Ruttan, Lore, “Sociocultural heterogeneity and the commons,” Current Anthropology 2006, 47(5):843–853.CrossRefGoogle Scholar