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The Connection between Gamma-Ray Bursts and Extremely Metal-Poor Stars as Nucleosynthetic Probes of the Early Universe

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 December 2007

K. Nomoto ,
N. Tominaga ,
M. Tanaka ,
K. Maeda  and
H. Umeda
K. Nomoto
Affiliation:
Department of Astronomy, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan email: nomoto@astron.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
N. Tominaga
Affiliation:
Department of Astronomy, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan email: nomoto@astron.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp
M. Tanaka
Affiliation:
Department of Astronomy, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan email: nomoto@astron.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp
K. Maeda
Affiliation:
Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
H. Umeda
Affiliation:
Department of Astronomy, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan email: nomoto@astron.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp
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Abstract

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The connection between the long GRBs and Type Ic Supernovae (SNe) has revealed the interesting diversity: (i) GRB-SNe, (ii) Non-GRB Hypernovae (HNe), (iii) X-Ray Flash (XRF)-SNe, and (iv) Non-SN GRBs (or dark HNe). We show that nucleosynthetic properties found in the above diversity are connected to the variation of the abundance patterns of extremely-metal-poor (EMP) stars, such as the excess of C, Co, Zn relative to Fe. We explain such a connection in a unified manner as nucleosynthesis of hyper-aspherical (jet-induced) explosions of Pop III core-collapse SNe. We show that (1) the explosions with large energy deposition rate, Ėdep, are observed as GRB-HNe and their yields can explain the abundances of normal EMP stars, and (2) the explosions with small Ėdep are observed as GRBs without bright SNe and can be responsible for the formation of the C-rich EMP (CEMP) and the hyper metal-poor (HMP) stars. We thus propose that GRB-HNe and the Non-SN GRBs (dark HNe) belong to a continuous series of BH-forming massive stellar deaths with the relativistic jets of different Ėdep.

Keywords

Galaxy: halo – gamma rays: bursts – nuclear reactionsnucleosynthesisabundances – stars: abundances – stars: Population II – supernovae: general
Type
Contributed Papers
Information
Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union , Volume 3 , Symposium S250: Massive Stars as Cosmic Engines , December 2007 , pp. 463 - 470
Copyright
Copyright © International Astronomical Union 2008

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