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A study of the effect of ionization and illumination on morphologies of planetary nebulae

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 August 2012

Yong Zhang
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China email: zhangy96@hku.hk
Sun Kwok
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China email: zhangy96@hku.hk
Chung-Ming Ko
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China email: zhangy96@hku.hk Institute of Astronomy, Department of Physics and Center for Complex Systems, National Central University, Taiwan
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Abstract

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We carry out a modelling study of the effect of ionization and illumination on the morphologies of planetary nebulae (PNs), aiming to investigate the hypothesis of Kwok (2010) that the bipolar and multipolar lobes of PNs can be produced by leakage of UV photons into those directions. Using photoinization code, we construct a series of nebular models consisting of a dense envelope and cones of low density. The results show that the visible morphologies of PNs may be fundamentally different from their intrinsic structures.

Type
Contributed Papers
Copyright
Copyright © International Astronomical Union 2012

References

Balick, B. & Frank, A. 2002, ARA&A, 40, 439 Google Scholar
Ferland, G. J., et al. 1998, PASP, 110, 761 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kwok, S. 2010, PASA, 27, 174 CrossRefGoogle Scholar