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Proxy measures of premortem cognitive aptitude in postmortem subjects with schizophrenia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 March 2019

Jill R. Glausier ,
Mary Ann Kelly ,
Samantha Salem ,
Kehui Chen  and
David A. Lewis Open the ORCID record for David A. Lewis [Opens in a new window]
Jill R. Glausier
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Mary Ann Kelly
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Samantha Salem
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
Kehui Chen
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Department of Statistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
David A. Lewis*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
*
Author for correspondence: David A. Lewis, E-mail: lewisda@upmc.edu
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Abstract

Background

Postmortem human brain studies provide the molecular, cellular, and circuitry levels of resolution essential for the development of mechanistically-novel interventions for cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. However, the absence of measures of premortem cognitive aptitude in postmortem subjects has presented a major challenge to interpreting the relationship between the severity of neural alterations and cognitive deficits within the same subjects.

Methods

To begin addressing this challenge, proxy measures of cognitive aptitude were evaluated in postmortem subjects (N = 507) meeting criteria for schizophrenia, major depressive or bipolar disorder, and unaffected comparison subjects. Specifically, highest levels of educational and occupational attainment of the decedent and their parents were obtained during postmortem psychological autopsies.

Results

Consistent with prior findings in living subjects, subjects with schizophrenia had the lowest educational and occupational attainment relative to all other subject groups, and they also failed to show the generational improvement in attainment observed in all other subject groups.

Conclusions

Educational and occupational attainment data obtained during postmortem psychological autopsies can be used as proxy measures of premortem cognitive function to interrogate the neural substrate of cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia.

Keywords

Bipolar disordercognitioncognitive impairmenteducationfirst-degree relativemajor depressive disorderoccupationprobandpsychological autopsyschizoaffective disorder
Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 50 , Issue 3 , February 2020 , pp. 507 - 514
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2019

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