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High bone turnover but normal bone mineral density in women suffering from schizophrenia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 March 2008

N. Bergemann ,
P. Parzer ,
C. Mundt  and
B. Auler
N. Bergemann*
Affiliation:
Department of General Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
P. Parzer
Affiliation:
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
C. Mundt
Affiliation:
Department of General Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
B. Auler
Affiliation:
Department of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
*
*Address for correspondence: N. Bergemann, M.D., M.Sc., Ph.D., Department of General Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg, Voss-Strasse 4, D-69115 Heidelberg, Germany. (Email: niels.bergemann@med.uni-heidelberg.de)
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Abstract

Background

A potential association between schizophrenia and osteoporosis or osteopenia has recently been reported. Various factors affect bone mineral density (BMD) such as polydipsia, nicotine, alcohol abuse, lack of physical activity, an unbalanced diet, a lack of ultraviolet exposure and/or vitamin D. In addition, decreased BMD in women with schizophrenia has been attributed to drug-induced hyperprolactinaemia and/or secondary hypogonadism. This study was undertaken because empirical evidence from larger patient cohorts is limited and the data are still controversial.

Method

Seventy-two premenopausal, regularly menstruating women suffering from schizophrenia and 71 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included in the study. Biochemical markers of bone turnover (serum osteocalcin, urinary pyridinium crosslinks), parathyroid hormone and 25-hydroxyvitamin D were measured. BMD at the femoral neck and lumbar spine was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in a subgroup of 59 patients. In addition, 17β-oestradiol, prolactin, testosterone, gonadotrophins and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate were measured.

Results

Compared with healthy controls, both markers of formation and resorption were increased in women with schizophrenia. However, in the subgroup of 59 patients, BMD was within the normal range. In women suffering from schizophrenia, testosterone levels were higher than in controls, and serum oestradiol levels were lower compared with the normal range.

Conclusion

Despite significantly increased bone turnover, we conclude that premenopausal and regularly menstruating women suffering from schizophrenia have normal spine and hip BMD. This may be due to the opposite effects of the various parameters influencing bone metabolism, especially of the gonadal hormones, and due to an intact coupling mechanism.

Keywords

Bone mineral densitybone turnoverintact parathyroid hormone17β-oestradiolosteocalcinschizophrenia
Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 38 , Issue 8 , August 2008 , pp. 1195 - 1201
Copyright
Copyright © 2008 Cambridge University Press

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