Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gbm5v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-01T07:47:45.780Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Sub-syndromes of tardive dyskinesia and some clinical correlates

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2009

K. W. Brown  and
T. White
K. W. Brown*
Affiliation:
Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh; Douglas Inch Clinic, Glasgow
T. White
Affiliation:
Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh; Douglas Inch Clinic, Glasgow
*
1 Address for correspondence: Dr K. W. Brown, Forth Valley Mental Illness Unit, Bellsdyke Hospital, Larbet FK5 4SF.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Synopsis

Syndromes of dyskinetic movements in subjects (N = 70) with chronic schizophrenia were investigated, using principal components analysis of AIMS ratings. Consonant with previous research, three discrete groupings were found, namely dyskinetic movements of lips-jaw-tongue, limb-truncal and facial movements. These were then related to demographic, psychological and movement disorder variables. The limb-truncal, but neither the lips-jaw-tongue nor facial movements components, were associated with negative symptoms and cognitive impairment.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 22 , Issue 4 , November 1992 , pp. 923 - 927
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1992

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Andreasen, N. C. (1983). The Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS). University of Iowa: Iowa City, Iowa.Google Scholar
Braude, W. M., Barnes, T. R. E. & Gore, S. M. (1983). Clinical characteristics of akathisia: a systematic investigation of acute psychiatric inpatient admissions. British Journal of Psychiatry 143, 139–150.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brown, K. W., Glen, S. E. & White, T. (1987). Low serum iron status and akathisia. Lancet ii, 1234–1236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, K. W., White, T. (1991 a). The psychological consequences of tardive dyskinesia: the effect of drug-induced parkinsonism and the topography of the dyskinetic movements. British Journal of Psychiatry 159, 399–403.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brown, K. W. & White, T. (1991 b). Pseudoakathisia and schizophrenic negative symptoms. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 84, 107–109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, J. M. (1976). Comparative dose and cost of antipsycholic medication. Archives of General Psychiatry 33, 858–861.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
De Leon, J., Wilson, W. H. & Simpson, G. M. (1989). Measurement of negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Psychiatric Developments 7, 211–234.Google ScholarPubMed
Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E. & McHugh, P. R. (1975). ‘Minimental state.’ A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research 12, 189–198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glazer, W. M., Morgenstern, H., Niedzwiecki, D. & Hughes, J. (1988). Heterogeneity of tardive dyskinesia: a multivariate analysis. British Journal of Psychiatry 152, 253–259.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Griel, W., Haag, H. & Rossnagl, G. (1984). Effect of anticholinergics on TD a controlled discontinuation study. British Journal of Psychiatry 145, 304–310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guadagnoli, E. & Velicer, W. F. (1988). Relation of sample size to the stability of component patterns. Psychological Bulletin 103, 265–275.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gureje, O. (1988). Topographic subtypes of tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenic patients aged less than 60 years: relationship to demographic, clinical, treatment, and neuropsychological variables. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 51, 1525–1530.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hamilton, M. (1960). A rating scale for depression. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 23, 56–62.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Iger, A-C., Kirch, D. G., Jeste, D. V. & Wyatt, R. J. (1986). Defect symptoms and abnormal involuntary movements in schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry 21, 751–755.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Inada, T., Yagi, G., Kamijima, K., Ohnishi, K., Kamisada, M., Takamiya, M., Nakajima, S. & Rockhold, R. W. (1990). A statistical trial of subclassification for tardive dyskinesia. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 82, 404–407.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kidger, T., Barnes, T. R. E., Trauer, T. & Taylor, P. J. (1980). Subsyndromes of tardive dyskinesia. Psychological Medicine 10, 513–520.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Klawans, H. & Rubovits, R. (1974). Effect of cholinergic and anticholinergic agents on tardive dyskinesia. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 27, 941–945.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lohr, J. B., Wisniewski, A. & Jeste, D. V. (1986). Neurological aspects of tardive dyskinesia. In Handbook of Schizophrenia, Vol. 1 (ed. Nasrallah, H. A. and Weinberger, D. R.), pp. 97–119. Elsevier: Amsterdam.Google Scholar
National Institute of Mental Health (1976). Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale. In Early Clinical Drug Evaluation Unit Assessment Manual (ed. Guy, W.), pp. 266–268. US Department of Health and Human Services: Rockville, Md., USA.Google Scholar
Schooler, N. R. & Kane, J. M. (1982). Research diagnosis of tardive dyskinesia. Archives of General Psychiatry 39, 686–687.Google ScholarPubMed
Simpson, G. M. & Angus, J. W. S. (1970). A rating scale for extra-pyramidal side-effects. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, supplement 212, 11–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stahl, S. M. (1985). Akathisia and tardive dyskinesia. Archives of General Psychiatry 42, 915–917.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Waddington, J. L. & Youssef, H. A. (1986). Late onset involuntary movements in chronic schizophrenia: relationship of ‘tardive’ dyskinesia to intellectual impairment and negative symptoms. British Journal of Psychiatry 149, 616–620.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed