Hostname: page-component-5f745c7db-tvc9f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-06T06:11:43.175Z Has data issue: true hasContentIssue false

Orthogonal Rotation to Congruence

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2025

Norman Cliff*
Affiliation:
University of Southern California

Abstract

Two problems are considered. The first is that of rotating two factor solutions orthogonally to a position where corresponding factors are as similar as possible. A least-squares solution for transformations of the two factor matrices is developed. The second problem is that of rotating a factor matrix orthogonally to a specified target matrix. The solution to the second problem is related to the first. Applications are discussed.

Type
Original Paper
Copyright
Copyright © 1966 Psychometric Society

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

*

This research was supported in part by contract Nonr 228 (22) between the office of Naval Research and the University of Southern California. Portions of this paper were presented at the American Psychological Association Convention, Los Angeles, September, 1964.

References

Ahmavaara, Y. On the Mathematical Theory of Transformation Analysis. Report No. 1, Helsinki, Finland: Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Kirjapairo Oy Helsinki, 1963.Google Scholar
Cliff, N. Analytic rotation to a functional relationship. Psychometrika, 1962, 27, 283295.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eckart, C. T. and Young, G. The approximation of one matrix by another of lower rank. Psychometrika, 1936, 1, 211218.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gibson, W. A. On the least-squares orthogonalization of an oblique transformation. Psychometrika, 27, 193195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Green, B. F. The orthogonal approximation of an oblique simple structure in factor analysis. Psychometrika, 1952, 17, 429440.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Horst, P. A simple method of rotating a centroid factor matrix to a simple structure hypothesis. J. exp. Educ., 1956, 24, 251258.Google Scholar
Horst, P. Relations amongm sets of measures. Psychometrika, 1962, 26, 129149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hurley, J. R. and Catell, R. B. The Procrustes Program: producing direct rotation to test a hypothesized factor structure. Behav. Sci., 1962, 7, 258262.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, R. M. On a theorem stated by Eckart and Young. Psychometrika, 1963, 28, 259264.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaiser, H. F. The varimax criterion for analytic rotation in factor analysis. Psychometrika, 1958, 23, 187200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mosier, C. I. Determining a simple structure when loadings for certain tests are known. Psychometrika, 1939, 4, 149162.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tucker, L. R. A method for synthesis of factor analysis studies. PRS Report No. 984. Princeton, N. J.: Educational Testing Service. Mimeographed Report.Google Scholar
Tucker, L. R. An inter-battery method of factor analysis. Psychometrika, 1958, 23, 111136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar