Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-dh8gc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-14T07:31:05.188Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Dietary intake of Indians living in the metropolitan area of Durban

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2007

P Wolmarans ,
YK Seedat ,
FGH Mayet ,
G Joubert  and
E Wentzel
P Wolmarans*
Affiliation:
Medical Research Council, National Research Programme for Nutritional Intervention, PO Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
YK Seedat
Affiliation:
University of Natal, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, PO Box 17039, Congella 4013, South Africa
FGH Mayet
Affiliation:
University of Natal, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, PO Box 17039, Congella 4013, South Africa
G Joubert
Affiliation:
University of the Orange Free State, Department of Biostatistics, PO Box 339 (G31), Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
E Wentzel
Affiliation:
Previously from the University of the Western Cape, Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, Department of Human Ecology and Dietetics, P/Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa
*
*Corresponding author: Email pwolmara@eagle.mrc.ac.za
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
Objective:

To report on energy and nutrient intakes, as a risk factor for coronary heart disease in Indian South Africans.

Design:

Cross-sectional dietary study as part of a coronary heart disease survey.

Setting:

Metropolitan area of Durban, South Africa.

Subjects:

Free-living Indian men (n = 406) and women (n = 370) 15–69 years of age.

Methodology:

Dietary data were collected by three interviewers using a 24-h dietary recall and expressed as median intakes of macronutrients.

Results:

Results reported a low energy intake and the percentage of energy derived from total fat varied between 32.3 and 34.9% in men and between 33.1 and 36.1% in women. The energy intake to basal metabolic rate (EI: BMR) ratios were low for all age groups suggesting potential under-reporting. Intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids was high, more than 10% of energy, with a median polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio (P: S ratio) that varied between 1.38 and 1.96 for the various age and sex groups. Dietary cholesterol varied between 66 and 117 mg per 4.2 MJ in men and between 76 and 109 mg per 4.2 MJ in women. Dietary fibre intakes were low and varied between 8.0 and 11.0 g per 4.2 MJ in men and between 7.6 and 9.6 g per 4.2 MJ in women.

Conclusions:

The dietary P:S ratios were high and the effect of such a high P:S ratio on the oxidation of low density lipoprotein in this population, with a high prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD), should be investigated as a possible risk factor for CHD.

Keywords

South AfricaIndiansDietary intake
Type
Research Article
Information
Public Health Nutrition , Volume 2 , Issue 1 , January 1999 , pp. 55 - 60
Copyright
Copyright © CABI Publishing 1999

References

1 Anon. Ischaemic heart disease mortality in South Africa, 1985–1989. Epidemiol. Comments 1992; 19: 147–53.Google Scholar
2Marmot, MGAdelstein, AMBulusi, LImmigrant Mortality in England and Wales, 1970–1978. London: HMSO, 1984.Google Scholar
3Balarajan, RBulusu, LAdelstein, AMShukla, VPatterns of mortality among migrants to England and Wales from the Indian subcontinent. Br. Med. J. 1984; 289: 1185–7.Google Scholar
4Malhotra, SLEpidemiology of ischaemic heart disease in India with special to causation. Br. Heart J. 1967; 29: 895–905.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
5Mathur, KSEnvironmental factors in coronary heart disease. Circulation 1960; 21: 684–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6Padmavati, SEpidemiology of cardiovascular disease in India. II. Ischemic heart disease. Circulation 1962; 25: 711–17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
7Bhatia, MLPrevalence of coronary heart disease in India: a contemporary view. Indian Heart J. 1995; 47: 339–42.Google Scholar
8Seedat, YKMayet, FGHKhan, SSomers, SRJoubert, GRisk factors for coronary heart disease in the Indians of Durban. S. Afr. Med. J. 1990; 78: 447–54.Google ScholarPubMed
9Omar, MAKSeedat, MADyer, RBRajput, MCMotala, AAJoubert, SMThe prevalence of diabetes mellitus in a large group of South African Indians. S. Afr. Med. J. 1985; 67: 924–6.Google Scholar
10Wolmarans, PLangenhoven, MLBenadé, AJSSwanepoel, ASPKotze, TJvWRossouw, JEIntake of macronutrients and their relationship with total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The Coronary Risk Factor Study, 1979. S. Afr. Med. J. 1988; 73: 12–15.Google ScholarPubMed
11Langenhoven, MLSteyn, Kvan Eck, MGouws, ENutrient intake in the coloured population of the Cape Peninsula. Eco. Food Nutr. 1988; 22: 97–106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12Gouws, ELangenhoven, MLNRIND Food Composition Tables 1986, second edition. Parow: South African Medical Research Council, 1986.Google Scholar
13Schofield, WNPredicting basal metabolic rate, new standards and review of previous work. Hum. Nutr. Clin. Nutr. 1985; 39C(suppl 1): 5–41.Google ScholarPubMed
14Black, AEGoldberg, GRJebb, SALivingstone, MBECole, TJPrentice, AMCritical evaluation of energy intake data using fundamental principles of energy physiology. 2. Evaluating the results of published surveys. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 1991; 45: 583–99.Google ScholarPubMed
15Food and Nutrition Board. Commission on Life Sciences. National Research Council. Recommended Dietary Allowances, 10th edition. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1989.Google Scholar
16Block, G A review of validations of dietary assessment methods. Am. J. Epidemiol. 1982; 115: 492–505.Google Scholar
17Frank, MdVCultural differences in eating habits of SA Indians. J. Diet. Home Econ. 1982; 10: 58–61.Google Scholar
18Voss, SKroke, AKlipstein-Grobusch, KBoeing, HIs macronutrient composition of dietary intake data affected by underreporting? Results from the EPIC-Potsdam study. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 1998; 52: 119–26.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
19Werner, GTSareen, DKSerum cholesterol levels in the population of Punjab in north west India. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1978; 31: 1479–83.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
20Miller, GJKotecha, SWilkinson, WH et al. Dietary and other characteristics relevant for coronary heart disease in men of Indian, West Indian and European descent in London. Atherosclerosis 1988; 70: 63–72.Google Scholar
21Bonanome, APagnan, ABiffanti, S et al. Effect of dietary monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids on the susceptibility of plasma low density lipoproteins to oxidative modification. Arterioscl. Thromb. 1992; 12: 529–33.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
22Regnström, JNilsson, JTornvall, PLandou, CHamsten, ASusceptibility to low-density lipoprotein oxidation and coronary atherosclerosis in man. Lancet 1992; 339: 1183–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
23Ogihara, TMiki, MKitagawa, MMino, MDistribution of tocopherol among human plasma lipoproteins. Clin. Chim. Acta 1988; 174: 299–305.Google Scholar
24Diet Consensus Panel. Dietary recommendations for the prevention of coronary heart disease. Statement by the Diet Consensus Panel. S. Afr. Med. J. 1989; 76: 591–2.Google Scholar
25Albertse, ECHugo, Mvan Wyk, CWSucrose intake of an Indian community residing in Cape Town. J. Diet. Home Econ. 1978; 6: 89–92.Google Scholar
26Rossouw, JEDu Plessis, JPBenadé, AJSJordaan, PCJKotzé, JPJooste, PLFerreira, JJCoronary risk factor screening in three rural communities. The CORIS baseline study. S. Afr. Med. J. 1983; 64: 430–6.Google Scholar
27Steyn, KJooste, PLLangenhoven, ML et al. Coronary risk factors in the coloured population of the Cape Peninsula. S. Afr. Med. J. 1985; 67: 619–25.Google Scholar
28Steyn, KJooste, PLBourne, L et al. Risk factors for coronary heart disease in the black population of the Cape Peninsula. The BRISK study. S. Afr. Med. J. 1991; 79: 480–5.Google ScholarPubMed
29Mather, HMKeen, HThe Southhall diabetes survey: prevalence of known diabetes in Asians and Europeans. Br. Med. J. 1985; 291: 1081–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
30Ahuja, MMSEpidemiological Survey on Diabetes Mellitus in India. New Delhi: Interprint, 1979; 29–38.Google Scholar
31Singh, RBGhosh, SNiaz, MA et al. , Dietary intake, plasma levels of antioxidant vitamins, and oxidative stress in relation to coronary artery disease in elderly subjects. Am. J. Cardiol. 1995; 76: 1233–8.Google Scholar