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The emerging diversity of transpososome architectures

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 December 2012

Fred Dyda ,
Michael Chandler  and
Alison Burgess Hickman
Fred Dyda*
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Michael Chandler
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Génétique Moléculaires Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse Cedex, France
Alison Burgess Hickman
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
*
*Author for correspondence: Fred Dyda, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Tel: 301-402-4496; Fax: 301-496-0201; Email: fred.dyda@nih.gov
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Abstract

DNA transposases are enzymes that catalyze the movement of discrete pieces of DNA from one location in the genome to another. Transposition occurs through a series of controlled DNA strand cleavage and subsequent integration reactions that are carried out by nucleoprotein complexes known as transpososomes. Transpososomes are dynamic assemblies which must undergo conformational changes that control DNA breaks and ensure that, once started, the transposition reaction goes to completion. They provide a precise architecture within which the chemical reactions involved in transposon movement occur, but adopt different conformational states as transposition progresses. Their components also vary as they must, at some stage, include target DNA and sometimes even host-encoded proteins. A very limited number of transpososome states have been crystallographically captured, and here we provide an overview of the various structures determined to date. These structures include examples of DNA transposases that catalyze transposition by a cut-and-paste mechanism using an RNaseH-like nuclease catalytic domain, those that transpose using only single-stranded DNA substrates and targets, and the retroviral integrases that carry out an integration reaction very similar to DNA transposition. Given that there are a number of common functional requirements for transposition, it is remarkable how these are satisfied by complex assemblies that are so architecturally different.

Type
Review Article
Information
Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics , Volume 45 , Issue 4 , November 2012 , pp. 493 - 521
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2012

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