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Evaluating the impact of Homo-carnivore competition in European human settlements during the early to middle Pleistocene

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 May 2017

Guillermo Rodríguez-Gómez ,
Jesús Rodríguez ,
Jesús A. Martín-González  and
Ana Mateos
Guillermo Rodríguez-Gómez*
Affiliation:
Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca 3, 09002 Burgos, Spain Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Carrer de l’Escorxador s/n, 43003 Tarragona, Spain
Jesús Rodríguez
Affiliation:
Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca 3, 09002 Burgos, Spain
Jesús A. Martín-González
Affiliation:
Departamento de Matemáticas y Computación, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain Temporary address: Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca 3, 09002, Burgos, Spain
Ana Mateos
Affiliation:
Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca 3, 09002 Burgos, Spain
*
*Corresponding author at: Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca 3, 09002 Burgos, Spain. E-mail: guillerwilson@gmail.com (G. Rodríguez-Gómez).
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Abstract

Fossil remains and the technological complexes recorded in archaeological sites suggest that the human presence in Europe late in the early and middle Pleistocene was discontinuous. Moreover, competition for meat with other secondary consumers could have delayed the human dispersal through Europe. However, evaluation of the extent competition intensity among secondary consumers suggests this influenced the discontinuity of the human settlement of Europe between 1.1 and 0.2 Ma. Using a mathematical model, we estimate the amount of biomass available in a community for secondary consumers. The amount of available biomass is subsequently distributed among the guild of secondary consumers according to their requirements and prey preferences. Indexes that quantify the competition intensity among secondary consumers to compare the conditions in different paleoecosystems show that the competition intensity late in the early Pleistocene, early in the middle Pleistocene, and late in the middle Pleistocene does not support the view that an increase in competition intensity constrained the expansion of human populations early in the middle Pleistocene. Somewhat paradoxically, the lowest competition intensity is estimated to have occurred early in the middle Pleistocene, most likely because of an increase in the number of large herbivore species and a decrease in the number of secondary consumers. The early Pleistocene paleoecosystems supported higher competition intensity than the middle Pleistocene ecosystems, likely because of the different configuration in the food webs of these two periods (the early and middle Pleistocene).

Keywords

Competition intensityHuman presenceEuropeearly and middle Pleistocene
Type
Research Article
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 88 , Issue 1 , July 2017 , pp. 129 - 151
Copyright
Copyright © University of Washington. Published by Cambridge University Press, 2017 

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