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A multidisciplinary study of a Late Pleistocene arctic ground squirrel (Urocitellus parryii) midden from Yukon, Canada

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 November 2017

Bram W. Langeveld ,
Dick Mol ,
Grant D. Zazula ,
Barbara Gravendeel ,
Marcel Eurlings ,
Crystal N.H. McMichael ,
Dick Groenenberg ,
Guido B.A. van Reenen ,
Mona Palmeira  and
Johnny Vogel
...Show all authors
Bram W. Langeveld*
Affiliation:
Natural History Museum Rotterdam, Westzeedijk 345, 3015 AA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Dick Mol
Affiliation:
Natural History Museum Rotterdam, Westzeedijk 345, 3015 AA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Grant D. Zazula
Affiliation:
Yukon Palaeontology Program, Yukon Government, P.O. Box 2703, Whitehorse, Yukon, Y1A 0M5, Canada
Barbara Gravendeel
Affiliation:
Endless Forms group, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
Marcel Eurlings
Affiliation:
Laboratories of Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
Crystal N.H. McMichael
Affiliation:
Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Dick Groenenberg
Affiliation:
Endless Forms group, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
Guido B.A. van Reenen
Affiliation:
Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Mona Palmeira
Affiliation:
Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Johnny Vogel
Affiliation:
Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Bas van Geel
Affiliation:
Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
*
*Corresponding author at: Natural History Museum Rotterdam, Westzeedijk 345, 3015 AA Rotterdam, The Netherlands. E-mail address: langeveld@hetnatuurhistorisch.nl (B.W. Langeveld).
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Abstract

Middens (nests and caches) of Late Pleistocene arctic ground squirrels (Urocitellus parryii) that are preserved in the permafrost of Beringia archive valuable paleoecological data. Arctic ground squirrels selectively include the plant material placed in middens. To account for this selectivity bias, we used a multi-proxy approach that includes ancient DNA (aDNA) and macro- and microfossil analyses. Here, we provide insight into Pleistocene vegetation conditions using macrofossils, pollen, phytoliths and non-pollen palynomorphs, and aDNA collected from one such midden from the Yukon Territory (Canada), which was formed between 30,740 and 30,380 cal yr BP. aDNA confirmed the midden was constructed by U. parryii. We recovered 39 vascular plant and bryophyte genera and 68 fungal genera from the midden samples. Grass and other herbaceous families dominated vegetation assemblages according to all proxies. aDNA data yielded several records of vascular plants that are outside their current biogeographic range, while some of the recovered fungi yielded additional evidence for local occurrence of Picea trees during glacial conditions. We propose that future work on fossil middens should combine the study of macro- and microfossils with aDNA analysis to get the most out of these environmental archives.

Keywords

Ancient DNAGround squirrelPaleoecologyWisconsinanYukon
Type
Research Article
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 89 , Issue 1: Tribute to Daniel Livingstone and Paul Colinvaux , January 2018 , pp. 333 - 351
Copyright
Copyright © University of Washington. Published by Cambridge University Press, 2017 

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