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Complexity of infinite words associated withbeta-expansions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 June 2004

Christiane Frougny ,
Zuzana Masáková  and
Edita Pelantová
Christiane Frougny
Affiliation:
LIAFA, CNRS UMR 7089, 2 place Jussieu, 75251 Paris Cedex 05, France; christiane.frougny@liafa.jussieu.fr. Université Paris 8.
Zuzana Masáková
Affiliation:
Department of Mathematics, FNSPE, Czech Technical University, Trojanova 13, 120 00 Praha 2, Czech Republic; masakova@km1.fjfi.cvut.cz.,pelantova@km1.fjfi.cvut.cz.
Edita Pelantová
Affiliation:
Department of Mathematics, FNSPE, Czech Technical University, Trojanova 13, 120 00 Praha 2, Czech Republic; masakova@km1.fjfi.cvut.cz.,pelantova@km1.fjfi.cvut.cz.
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Abstract

We study the complexity of the infinite word uβ associated with theRényi expansion of 1 in an irrational base β > 1.When β is the golden ratio, this is the well known Fibonacci word,which is Sturmian, and of complexity C(n) = n + 1.For β such thatdβ(1) = t1t2...tm is finite we provide a simple description ofthe structure of special factors of the word uβ . When tm =1we show thatC(n) = (m - 1)n + 1. In the cases when t1 = t2 = ... tm-1 ort1 > max{t2,...,tm-1 } we show that the first differenceof the complexity function C(n + 1) - C(n ) takes value in{m - 1,m} for every n, and consequently we determine thecomplexity of uβ . We show thatuβ is an Arnoux-Rauzy sequence if and only ifdβ(1) = tt...t1. On the example ofβ = 1 + 2cos(2π/7), solution of X3 = 2X2 + X - 1, we illustratethat the structure of special factors is more complicated fordβ (1) infinite eventually periodic.The complexity for this word is equal to 2n+1.

Keywords

Beta-expansionscomplexity of infinite words.
Type
Research Article
Information
RAIRO - Theoretical Informatics and Applications , Volume 38 , Issue 2 , April 2004 , pp. 163 - 185
Copyright
© EDP Sciences, 2004

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