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Le modèle de reproduction et d’accumulation d’A. Smith

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 August 2016

Michel Rosier*
Affiliation:
Université Paris 7
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INTRODUCTION

Selon l’interprétation de la Richesse des nations restée dominante jusqu’à la seconde guerre mondiale, les questions de l’allocation des ressources, de la détermination des prix et de la répartition constituaient le « noyau dur » de cet ouvrage. A cette époque, H. Myint en prit le contrepied: « The method of regarding the problem of allocating ressources as the main concern of the classical economists fails to provide such a central unifying principle » (Myint, [1946], p. 120). Il proposa une autre grille de lecture ayant pour axe les problèmes ressortissant au développement et à la croissance. C’est dans cette perspective que s’inscriront par la suite certains travaux tentant de rendre compte de la cohérence et de la pertinence des thèses d’A. Smith dans le cadre de modèles macroéconomiques de croissance (Lowe, [1954 et 1975]; Thweatt, [1957]; Adelman, [1962]; Barkaï, [1969]; O’Brien, [1975]; Eltis, [1975]). Ces travaux ont en commun de faire abstraction de toute différenciation sectorielle et de prêter une attention toute particulière au couple smithien division du travail-extension du marché et, par là, d’attribuer une place primordiale à la question des rendements d’échelle. Schématiquement, A. Smith, ayant supposé des rendements d’échelle croissants, aurait eu une conception cumulative de la croissance, représentable graphiquement par une spirale.

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Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de recherches économiques et sociales 1987 

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