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VERs as Strategic Trade Policies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 August 2016

Jean-Marc Siraën*
Affiliation:
1OF, Université d'Orléans
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Summary

Literature about strategic trade policy (Brender, Krugman,…) has been concerned only with implicit internal strategic trade policies. We define them as policy tools targeting exclusively the behavior of national firms. In duopolistic terms, the goal is to move the reaction function of the domestic firm and to locate it in a better position than previously. The home country government must credibly commits itself to pursue a particular trade policy before firms make decisions about prices or production. On the contrary, external strategic trade policies influence the behaviour of foreign firms and force them to act in the way desired by the home government. Mixed strategies associate both actions and may lead to a collusive agreement. We show that if subsidy is an attractive policy tool for internal strategic trade policy with Cournot-Nash competition, Voluntary Export Restraints agreements are an equivalent and alternative strategic trade policy for governments having more preference for fiscal restraints than for the surplus of consumers and the general welfare. It is acceptable by foreign firms because they are less predatory than alternative measures. Retaliations by foreign countries are avoided by the agreement; VERs allow to impose a co-operative framework.

Résumé

Résumé

La littérature sur la politique commerciale stratégique (Brender, Krugman, …) s'est intéressée, implicitement, aux politiques internes que nous définissons comme des instruments qui visent exclusivement le comportement des firmes nationales. Dans les termes de la théorie du duopole, l'objectif est ainsi de déplacer la fonction de réaction de la firme nationale pour qu'elle se positionne à une meilleure position. Le gouvernement doit s'engager lui-même de manière crédible par une politique commerciale particulière avant que les firmes décident de leur prix et de leur niveau de production. Au contraire, les politiques commerciales stratégiques externes influencent le comportement des firmes étrangères en les contraignant à agir dans le sens désiré par le gouvernement local. Les politiques commerciales mixtes associent les deux types d'actions et peut conduire à un accord collusif. Nous montrons que si la subvention est une politique attrayante, comme politique commerciale stratégique interne avec une concurrence de type Cournot-Nash, les accords d'autolimitation des exportations sont une politique commerciale stratégique externe equivalente et alternative pour les gouvernements qui préfèrent se soumettre à une contrainte fiscale plutôt que de maximiser le surplus du consommateur et le bien-être général. Elle est acceptable pour les firmes étrangères car elles sont moins prédatrices que les autres mesures possibles. Les représailles sont évitées grâce à l'accord. L'accord d'autolimitation permet d'imposer une structure coopérative.

Keywords

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de recherches économiques et sociales 1994 

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References

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