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Winning The Art Lottery : The Economic Returns to The Ganz Collection

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 August 2016

William M. Landes*
Affiliation:
Clifton R. Musser Professor Law & Economics at the University of Chicago Law School
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Summary

In 1997, the Christie’s sale of 20th century art works from the estate Victor and Sally Ganz netted more than $207 million, a record sum for a single-owner sale of art at auction. The paper presents estimates of the Ganzes’ financial returns from investing in art using records the Ganzes’ kept on the prices they originally paid for the works sold in 1997 and two earlier auctions in 1986 and 1988. Over the period 1948 to 1997 the Ganzes earned real rates of return ranging from 12 to over 21 percent for works sold at the three auctions. Overall, the Ganzes beat-often by a wide margin-the returns from diversified portfolios of common stocks. The empirical evidence shows that the Ganzes were not only lucky but skillful investors as well. Their financial success did not result from a few lucky purchases. They earned consistently high returns, regularly beating the stock market on works by different artists acquired at different time periods. I also found that buyers were willing to pay a price premium for works from the Ganz collection compared to “identical” works sold by others. For example, buyers paid between 25 and 90 percent more for prints from the Ganz collection than for otherwise identical prints. The likely source of this premium is the quality and prestige of the Ganzes’ collection itself not the recently acquired celebrity status of the collectors.

Résumé

Résumé

La vente en 1997 Christie’s des œuvres d’art du 20ème siècle de la collection Victor et Sally Ganz a rapporté 207 millions de dollars, un record pour une vente aux enchères d’œuvres ayant appartenu à un seul propriétaire. Notre article vise à estimer le rendement financier de l’investissement des Ganz, à partir de données sur les prix payés à l’achat dees œuvres ainsi que les données des deux ventes précédentes de 1986 et 1988. Pour la période de 1948 à 1997, les Ganz ont réalisé un rendement réel allant de 12 à 21 % pour les oeuvres vendues aux trois ventes. Dans l’ensemble, ils ont battu – et souvent d’une marge importante – les rendements de différents portefeuilles d’actions. Ce succès financier n’a pas été le résultat de coups de chance. Les Ganz ont obtenu des hauts rendements avec constance, battant souvent la bourse, et quelle que soient les périodes d’acquisition. Nous montrons aussi que les acheteurs ont été disposés à payer une prime pour l’achat d’œuvres provenant de la collection Ganz par rapport au prix d’œuvres « semblables » vendues par d’autres. Sa source problable réside dans la qualité et le prestige propre de la collection plutôt que dans le statut de célébrité, acquis seulement récemment, de ses propriétaires.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de recherches économiques et sociales 2000 

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Footnotes

*

I thank Victor Ginsburgh, William Grampp, Elisabeth M. Landes and an anonymous referee for many helpful comments and Susan Burgess, Sorin Feiner and Christine Roch for invaluable research assistance.

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