Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-lnqnp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T19:18:37.074Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Rites of Reversion: Ceremonial Memory and Community in the Funeral Services for Philip II in the Netherlands (1598)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 January 2019

Steven Thiry
Steven Thiry*
Affiliation:
Research Foundation–Flanders / Universiteit Antwerpen
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Philip II’s death in September 1598 coincided with the restoration of Habsburg authority in the southern Low Countries after decades of revolt. Local obsequies for the deceased ruler therefore reclaimed ecclesiastical infrastructure and revived urban cohesion. In contrast to previous funerals, the Brussels service did not significantly stage a transfer of power. Instead, by selectively drawing on traces of former ceremonies, particularly Charles V’s 1558 funeral, the ritual overcame the recent upheavals and soothed the anxieties surrounding the cession of sovereignty to the archdukes. Simultaneously, each important urban center also staged its own ceremonial, thereby stressing local privilege.

Type
Research Article
Information
Renaissance Quarterly , Volume 71 , Issue 4 , Winter 2018 , pp. 1391 - 1429
Copyright
Copyright © Renaissance Society of America 2018

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bibliography

Archives Départementales du Nord (ADN), Lille, B 2530, 2539, 2596, 2776, 2782, 2788, 2884, 2890. “Recette générale des finances.” Accounts of the receiver-general.Google Scholar
Bibliothèque Municipale de Besançon (BMB), Fonds Chiflet 68, fols. 234r–238r. “Mémoire de ce que sera de faire pour les obsèques du prince et de la royne d’Espagne”: http://memoirevive.besancon.fr/.Google Scholar
BMB, Chiflet 68, fols. 276r–283r. “L’ordre a tenir aux obsequies que l’on pretent apparement faire en ceste ville de Bruxelles en l’eglise collegiale de Saincte Goule”: http://memoirevive.besancon.fr/.Google Scholar
BMB, Chiflet 68, fols. 70r–80v. “L’ordre observe en la pompe funèbre du roy catholique don Ferdinand, à Bruxelles, l’an 1516”: http://memoirevive.besancon.fr/.Google Scholar
Felixarchief, Antwerp, R 38, fol. 399v. City accounts. 1598–99.Google Scholar
National Archives of Belgium (ARA), Brussels, Audiëntie (Aud.) 620, 621. Correspondence between Archduke Albert, Cardinal Andreas of Austria, the Great Council of Mechelen, and the Council of Finance. 1598.Google Scholar
ARA, Aud. 1235. Payment to Josse de Becberghe for restoring the armorial cabinet of Philip II. 21 November 1600.Google Scholar
ARA, Aud. 1496/4. François Damant, Toison d’or, to Josse de Becberghe. 3 August 1593.Google Scholar
ARA, Aud. 2814. Marching order of Philip II’s exequies at Mons. 29 October 1598.Google Scholar
ARA, Rekenkamers (RK) 117. Account of Philip II’s exequies in the Brussels church of St. Gudula (30 and 31 December 1598). 27 October 1600.Google Scholar
ARA, Rekenkamer te Rijssel, Kwitanties in portefeuilles (RRK) 1200. Receipts of payment for Philip II’s exequies. 1598–99.Google Scholar
ARA, RRK 1223. Receipt of payment of reparations to the armorial cabinets and “pieces d’honneur” in the choir of St. Gudula. 11 February 1617.Google Scholar
Royal Library of Belgium (KBR), Brussels, MS 14842. “Troubles et faict de la religion à Bruxelles.”Google Scholar
KBR, MS II 1301, fol. 82r. Report by François Damant. After 1587.Google Scholar
KBR, Prints, S.I 17431. “Portrait de la tombe posée à Anvers le 6 décembre 1598 au grand cœur de l’église cathédrale de N.-D. à la celebrat. des Exeques de nre Sire le Roy d’Espaigne Philippe le 2. … Catafalque de Philippe II érigé en la cathédrale d’Anvers le 6 décembre 1598.”Google Scholar
State Archives in Brussels (SAB), Vorst, Church Archives St. Gudula 9403. Accounts of the churchwardens of St. Gudula. 1579–87.Google Scholar
a Duetecum, Joannes and Lucas. La magnifique, et sumptueuse pompe funèbre faite aus obsequies, et funerailles du tresgrand, et tresvictorieus empereur Charles. Antwerp, 1559.Google Scholar
Albert and Isabella 1598–1621. Essays. Ed. Werner Thomas and Luc Duerloo. Turnhout: Brepols, 1998 Google Scholar
Arbury, Andrew S. “Spanish Catafalques of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries.” PhD diss., Rutgers University, 1992.Google Scholar
Arnade, Peter. Realms of Ritual: Burgundian Ceremony and Civic Life in Late Medieval Ghent. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1996 Google Scholar
Arnade, Peter. Beggars, Iconoclasts, and Civic Patriots: The Political Culture of the Dutch Revolt. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2008 Google Scholar
Blaseus, Jacques. Sermon funebre faict par le reverme evesque de Namur, messire Iacques Blaseus, aux funerailles du trescatholique, treshault & trespuissa[n]t Prince & Monarque Philippe 2. Roy des Espaignes &c. Brussels, 1599.Google Scholar
Boureau, Alain. Le simple corps du roi: L’impossible sacralité des souverains français XVe-XVIIIe siècles. Paris: Editions de Paris, 1988 Google Scholar
Brants, Victor, ed. Recueil des ordonnances des Pays-Bas. Règne d’Albert et Isabelle: 1597–1621. 2 vols. Brussels: J. Goemaere, 1909–12.Google Scholar
Brown, Andrew. Civic Ceremony and Religion in Medieval Bruges c. 1300–1520. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011 Google Scholar
Brown, Andrew. “Exit Ceremonies in Burgundian Bruges.” In Staging the Court of Burgundy: Proceedings of the Conference “The Splendour of Burgundy,” ed. Wim Blockmans, Till-Holger Borchert, Nele Gabriëls, et al., 113–19. Turnhout: Brepols, 2013.Google Scholar
Burgon, John William. The Life and Times of Sir Thomas Gresham. 2 vols. London: Effingham Wilson, 1839 Google Scholar
Burke, Peter. “Performing History: The Importance of Occasions.” Rethinking History 9.1 (2005): 35–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bussels, Stijn. Rhetoric, Performance and Power: The Antwerp Entry of Prince Philip in 1549. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2012 Google Scholar
Certaine relation des obseques faicts Philippe 2. de ce nom, Roy d’Espagnes, nostre Sire, nagueres en la cité de Ferrare, y assistan N.S.P. le Pape Clement 8. Et en la ville de Bruxelles au Pays Bas, y assistant Son Alteze le Serenme. Prince André Cardinal d’Austrice, Gouverneur des Pays Bas, Capne General… . Brussels, 1599.Google Scholar
Checa Cremades, Fernando. Felipe II, mecenas de las artes. Madrid: Nerea, 1992 Google Scholar
Chevalier-De Gottal, Anne. Les fêtes et les arts à la cour de Brabant à l’aube du XVe siècle. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 1996 Google Scholar
Chifflet, Jean-Jacques. Insignia gentilitia equitum ordinis velleris aurei, feciualium verbis enuntiata. Antwerp, 1632.Google Scholar
Chroscicki, Juliusz A., Mark Hengerer, and Gérard Sabatier, eds. Les funérailles princières en Europe (XVIe–XVIIIe siècle): Le grand théâtre de la mort. Versailles: Centre de Recherche du Château de Versailles, 2012 Google Scholar
Cools, Hans. “Uitvaarten als intredes: De scenografie van de successie bij aristocratische begrafenissen in de Bourgondisch-Habsburgse landen en de jonge Republiek.” In Bourgondië voorbij: De Nederlanden 1250–1650: Liber alumnorum Wim Blockmans. ed. Mario Damen and Louis Sicking, 193–206. Hilversum: Verloren, 2010 Google Scholar
Coremans, Victor Amédée. “Relation des funérailles de S. A. l’archiduc Ernest de très heureuse mémoire, telles qu’elles eurent lieu à Bruxelles en l’an 1600, le 16 du mois de mars.” Bulletin de la Commission Royale d’Histoire 13 (1847): 143–47.Google Scholar
Damen, Mario. “Wapenboeken als het schriftelijk geheugen van de laatmiddeleeuwse adel.” In Schriftgeheimen: Opstellen over schrift en schriftcultuur. ed. Lisa Kuitert, Paul Dijstelberge, and Marjolein Hogenbirk, 311–34. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2017 Google Scholar
De Frenne, Liesbeth. “Verzoening en herstel van het vorstelijke gezag. De aartshertogen Albrecht en Isabella en de stad Gent (1598–1621).” Handelingen der maatschappij voor geschiedenis en oudheidkunde te Gent 60 (2006): 247–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Godoy, Pedro. Suma de la muerte, y honras de su Magestad el rey D. Felipe III. de las Españas nuestro señor en los Reales Conventos de San Geronimo y Santo Domingo… . Madrid, 1621.Google Scholar
De Kempenaere, Philippe. Vlaemsche Kronyk of dagregister van al het gene gedenkweerdig voorgevallen is, binnen de stad Gent, sedert den 15 july 1566 tot 15 juny 1585. Ed. Philip Marie Blommaert. Ghent: L. Hebbelynck, 1839 Google Scholar
del Río Barredo, María José. Madrid, Urbs Regia: La capital ceremonial de la Monarquía Católica. Madrid: Marcial Pons, 2000 Google Scholar
Denucé, Jan. Filips IV, koning van Spanje en zijn Cenotaphium te Antwerpen in 1665, door Erasmus Quellien. Antwerp: Standaard, 1942 Google Scholar
de Pottre, Jan. Dagboek van Jan de Pottre, 1549–1602. Ed. Jules de St. Genois. Ghent: C. Annoot-Braeckman, 1861 Google Scholar
de Sandoval, Prudencio. Historia del Emperador Carlos V, rey de España. 9 vols. Madrid: La Illustracion, 1846–47.Google Scholar
De Schepper, Hugo. “De Kollaterale Raden in de Katholieke Nederlanden van 1579 tot 1609.” PhD diss., KU Leuven, 1972.Google Scholar
De Schepper, Hugo. “Los Países Bajos y la Monarquía Hispánica. Intentos de reconciliación hasta la tregua de los Doce Años (1547–1609).” In España y las 17 provincias de los Países Bajos: Una revisión historiográfica (XVI–XVIII). ed. Ana Crespo Solana and Manuel Herrero Sánchez, 1:327–53. Cordoba: Universidad de Cordoba, 2002 Google Scholar
Desmedt, An. “De koning is dood, leve de koning! Publieke rituelen in Brugge tussen 1598 en 1648.” MA thesis, Universiteit Gent, 2002.Google Scholar
Duerloo, Luc. “Pietas Albertina: Dynastieke vroomheid en herbouw van het vorstelijke gezag.” BMGN: The Low Countries Historical Review 112.1 (1997): 1–18.Google Scholar
Duerloo, Luc. “Archducal Piety and Habsburg Power.” In Albert and Isabella 1598–1621 (1998), 267–83.Google Scholar
Duerloo, Luc. “Sincères condoléances. De la commémoration des funérailles princières aux Pays-Bas.” In La Pompe funèbre de Charles III, 1608. ed. Philippe Martin, 185–91. Metz: Editions Serpenoise, 2008 Google Scholar
Duerloo, Luc. Dynasty and Piety: Archduke Albert (1598–1621) and Habsburg Political Culture in an Age of Religious Wars. Farnham: Ashgate, 2012 Google Scholar
Edelmayer, Friedrich. “Die Leichenfeiern für Ferdinand den Katholischen in den Niederlanden (1516).” In De Tod des Machtigen: Kult und Kultur des Todes spatmittelalterlicher Herrscher. ed. Lothar Kolmer, 229–45. Paderborn: Schöningh, 1997 Google Scholar
Eire, Carlos M. N. From Madrid to Purgatory: The Art and Craft of Dying in Sixteenth-Century Spain. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995 Google Scholar
Esteban Estríngana, Alicia. “Haciendo rostro a la fortuna. Guerra, paz y soberanía en los Países Bajos (1590–1621).” In Tiempo de Paces: La Pax Hispanica y la Tregua de los Doce Años, 1609–1621. 77–123. Madrid: Fundación Carlos de Amberes, 2009 Google Scholar
Esteban Estríngana, Alicia. “Preparing the Ground: The Cession of the Netherlands’ Sovereignty in 1598 and the Failure of its Peace-Making Objective (1607–1609).” In The Twelve Years Truce (2014), 15–47.Google Scholar
[F. G. V.] Antwerpsch chronykje… . Leiden, 1743.Google Scholar
Gachard, Louis Prosper, ed. Analectes belgiques, ou recueil de pièces inédites, mémoires, notices, faits et anecdotes concernant l’histoire des Pays-Bas, vol. 1. Brussels, 1830.Google Scholar
Gachard, Louis Prosper, ed. Collection des documents inédits concernant l’histoire de la Belgique. 3 vols. Brussels, 1833–35.Google Scholar
Gaude-Ferragu, Murielle. D’Or et des cendres: La mort et les funérailles des princes dans le royaume de France au bas Moyen Âge. Villeneuve d’Ascq: Presses Universitaires du Septentrion, 2005 Google Scholar
Germonprez, Dagmar. “De Recette Générale en de restauratie van het Brabantse katholieke landschap onder de Aartshertogen Albrecht en Isabella.” Noordbrabants historisch jaarboek 32 (2015): 73–88.Google Scholar
Gielens, Alfons. “De kosten van de blijde intrede van den hertog van Anjou.” Antwerpen’s Oudheidkundige Kring 16 (1940): 93–105.Google Scholar
Giesey, Ralph E. The Royal Funeral Ceremony in Renaissance France. Geneva: Droz, 1960 Google Scholar
Le grand théâtre sacré du duché de Brabant. 2 vols. The Hague, 1729.Google Scholar
Helbig, Jean, and Bemden, Yvette Vanden, eds. Les vitraux de la première moitié du XVIe siècle conservés en Belgique: Brabant et Limbourg. Ghent: Erasmus Ministère de l’éducation national, 1974 Google Scholar
Henne, Alexandre, and Wauters, Alphonse. Histoire de la ville de Bruxelles. 3 vols. Brussels: Perichon, 1845 Google Scholar
Hermans, Cornelis R., ed. Verzameling van kronyken, charters en oorkonden betrekkelijk de stad en meijerij van ’s Hertogenbosch. 3 vols. ’s-Hertogenbosch: P. Stokvis, 1847–48.Google Scholar
Hoyois, Jean-Paul. “Le service funèbre célébré à Mons pour Philippe II (28 et 29 octobre 1598).” In Hainaut: La terre et les hommes. Mélanges offerts à Jean-Marie Cauchies par Hannonia à l’occasion de son soixante-cinquième anniversaire. ed. Claude Depauw, Philippe Desmette, Laurent Honnoré, et al., 341–64. Mons: Hannonia, 2016 Google Scholar
Iñiguez de Lequerica, Juan. “Relacion de la forma en que se hizieron las honras del Rey don Felipe nuestro señor.” In Sermones funerales en las honras del rey nuestro señor don Felipe II con el que se predicò en las de la serenissima Infanta D. Catalina Duquessa de Saboya, fols. 5r–7v. Madrid, 1601.Google Scholar
Jacquot, Jean. “Panorama des fêtes et cérémonies du règne.” In Les fêtes de la Renaissance II. ed. Jean Jacquot, 413–91. Paris: CNRS Editions, 1960 Google Scholar
Janssen, Geert H.. “Political Ambiguity and Confessional Diversity in the Funeral Processions of Stadholders in the Dutch Republic.” Sixteenth Century Journal 40.2 (2009): 283–91.Google Scholar
Janssens, Gustaaf. “El sermon fúnebre predicado por François Richardot en Bruselas ante Felipe II con la occasion de la muerte del emperador Carlos V.” In Carlos V y la quiebra del humanismo politico en Europa (1530–1558). ed. José Martínez Millán, 1:349–62. Madrid: Sociedad estatal para la conmemoración de los centenarios de Felipe II y Carlos V, 2001 Google Scholar
Koller, Fortuné. Au service de la Toison d’or (les officiers). Dison: G. Lelotte, 1971 Google Scholar
Lecuppre-Desjardin, Elodie. La ville des cérémonies: Essai sur la communication politique dans les anciens Pays-Bas bourguignon. Turnhout: Brepols, 2004 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
El legado de Borgoña: Fiesta y ceremonia cortesana en la Europa de los Austrias (1454–1648). Ed. Bernardo García García, Krista De Jonghe, and Alicia Esteban Estríngana. Madrid: Fundación Carlos de Amberes, 2010 Google Scholar
Lhermite, Jehan. Le passetemps de Jehan Lhermite, publié d’après le manuscrit original. 2 vols. Ed. Charles Ruelens, Émile Ouverleaux, and Jules Jean Petit. Antwerp: J.-E. Buschmann, 1890–96.Google Scholar
López Poza, Sagrario. “Empresas o divisas del rey Felipe III de España.” In Palabras, símbolos, emblemas: Las estructuras gráficas de la representación. ed. Ana Martínez Pereira, Inmaculada Osuna, and Víctor Infantes, 323–32. Madrid: Turpin Editores y Sociedad Española de Emblemática, 2013 Google Scholar
Orso, Steven N. Art and Death at the Spanish Habsburg Court: The Royal Exequies for Philip IV. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 1989 Google Scholar
Parker, Geoffrey. The Dutch Revolt. London: Pelican, 1985 Google Scholar
Parker, Geoffrey. Imprudent King: A New Life of Philip II. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2014 Google Scholar
Pastoureau, Michel. “La Toison d’or, sa légende, ses symboles, son influence sur l’histoire littéraire.” In L’ordre de la Toison d’or, de Philippe le Bon à Philippe le Beau (1430–1505): Idéal ou reflet d’une société?. ed. Pierre Cockshaw and Christiane Van den Bergen-Pantens, 99–106. Turnhout: Brepols, 1996 Google Scholar
Pollmann, Judith. Catholic Identity and the Revolt of the Netherlands, 1520–1635. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raeymaekers, Dries. One Foot in the Palace: The Habsburg Court of Brussels and the Politics of Access in the Reign of Albert and Isabella, 1598–1621. Leuven: Leuven University Press, 2013 Google Scholar
Rosenthal, Earl E.. “The Invention of the Columnar Device of Emperor Charles V at the Court of Burgundy in Flanders in 1516.” Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 36 (1973): 198–230.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ruelens, Charles. “Obsèques de Philippe le Beau celebrées à Malines.” Revue d’histoire et d’archéologie 2 (1860): 416–33.Google Scholar
[Sanderus, Antonius]. Basilica Bruxellensis sive monumenta antiqua, inscriptiones, et coednotaphia aedis. Amsterdam, 1677.Google Scholar
Schnerb, Bertrand. “La croix de Saint-André ‘enseigne coignoissible des Bourguignons.’” In Signes et couleurs des identités politiques du Moyen Age à nos jours. ed. Denise Turrel, Martin Aurell, and Laurent Hablot, et al., 45–55. Rennes: Presses Universitaires de Rennes, 2008 Google Scholar
Schrader, Stephanie. “‘Greater than Ever He Was’: Ritual and Power in Charles V’s 1558 Funeral Procession.” Nederlands Kunsthistorisch Jaarboek 49 (1998): 69–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schraven, Minou. Festive Funerals in Early Modern Italy: The Art and Culture of Conspicuous Commemoration. Farnham: Ashgate, 2014 Google Scholar
Simonneau, Henri. “Antoine Olivier, officier d’armes et agent double au sein de la Toison d’Or (1567–1573).” Publication du Centre européen d’études bourguignonnes (XIVe–XVIe s.) 48 (2008): 292–99.Google Scholar
Soen, Violet. “Reconquista and Reconciliation in the Dutch Revolt: The Campaign of Governor-General Alexander Farnese (1578–1592).” Journal of Early Modern History 16.1 (2012a): 1–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Soen, Violet. “La reiteration de pardon collectifs à finalités politiques pendant la Révolte des Pays-Bas (1565–1598). Un cas d’espèce dans les rapports de force aux Temps Modernes?” In “Préférant miséricorde à rigueur de justice.” Pratiques de la grâce (XIIIe–XVIIe siècles): Actes de la journée d’études de Neuve, 15 octobre 2007, ed. Bernard Dauwen and Xavier Rousseaux, 97–123. Louvain-la-Neuve: Presses Universitaires de Louvain, 2012b.Google Scholar
Soen, Violet, and Bram De Ridder. “The Act of Cession, the 1598 and 1600 States-Generals in Brussels and the Peace Negotiations during the Dutch Revolt.” In The Twelve Years Truce (2014), 48–68.Google Scholar
Soenen, Micheline. “Pompes funèbres a Bruxelles à la fin du XVIe siècle: Deux dessins inconnus dans des archives privees.” In Bruxelles et la vie urbaine: Archives—art—histoire. Recueil d’articles dédiés à la mémoire d’Arlette Smolar-Meynart (1938–2000). ed. Frank Daelemans and André Vanrie, 1:257–76. Brussels: Archives et bibliothèques de Belgique, 2001 Google Scholar
Soly, Hugo. “Plechtige intochten in de steden van de Zuidelijke Nederlanden tijdens de overgang van Middeleeuwen naar Nieuwe Tijd: Communicatie, propaganda, spektakel.” Tijdschrift voor Geschiedenis 97.3 (1984): 341–60.Google Scholar
Spicer, Andrew. “After Iconoclasm: Reconciliation and Resacralization in the Southern Netherlands, ca. 1566–85.” Sixteenth Century Journal 44.2 (2013): 411–33.Google Scholar
Stein, Robert. “Gifts of Mourning-Cloth at the Brabantine Court in the Fifteenth Century.” In Showing Status: Representations of Social Positions in the Late Middle Ages. ed. Wim Blockmans and Antheun Janse, 53–58. Turnhout: Brepols, 1999 Google Scholar
Stensland, Monica. Habsburg Communication in the Dutch Revolt. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2012 Google Scholar
Stollberg-Rilinger, Barbara. “Symbolische Kommunikation in der Vormoderne. Begriffe-Thesen-Forschungs- perspektiven.” Zeitschrift für Historische Forschung 31.4 (2004): 489–527.Google Scholar
Stollberg-Rilinger, Barbara. Rituale. Frankfurt am Main: Campus Verlag, 2013 Google Scholar
Thøfner, Margit. “‘Domina & Princeps proprietaria’: The Ideal of Sovereignty in the Joyous Entries of the Archduke Albert and the Infanta Isabella.” In Albert and Isabella 1598–1621 (1998), 55–66.Google Scholar
Thøfner, Margit. A Common Art: Urban Ceremonial in Antwerp and Brussels during and after the Dutch Revolt. Zwolle: Waanders, 2007 Google Scholar
Thøfner, Margit. “Funerales apropiados para los Duques de Borgoña: Las obsequias celebradas en Bruselas para el emperador Carlos V (1558) y el archiduque Alberto (1622).” In El legado de Borgoña (2010), 653–73.Google Scholar
Thomas, Werner. “La fiesta como estrategia de pacificación en los Países Bajos meridionales, 1598–1621.” In El legado de Borgoña (2010), 267–303.Google Scholar
The Twelve Years Truce (1609): Peace, Truce, War and Law in the Low Countries at the Turn of the 17th Century. Ed. Randall Lesaffer. Leiden: Brill, 2014 Google Scholar
Van Bruaene, Anne-Laure. “The Habsburg Theatre State: Court, City and the Performance of Identity in the Early Modern Southern Low Countries.” In Networks, Regions and Nations: Shaping Identities in the Low Countries, 1300–1650. ed. Robert Stein and Judith Pollmann, 131–49. Leiden: Brill, 2010 Google Scholar
van der Essen, Léon. Alexandre Farnèse, prince de Parme, gouverneur général des Pays-Bas (1545–1592). 5 vols. Brussels: Librairie nationale d’art et d’histoire, 1933–37.Google Scholar
van der Lem, Anton. Verbeeldingen van vrijheid: Partijtekens en nationale symboliek in de eerste decennia van de Tachtigjarige Oorlog, 1564–1584. Utrecht: Geldmuseum, 2006 Google Scholar
van der Linden, David. “Memorializing the Wars of Religion in Early Seventeenth-Century French Picture Galleries: Protestant and Catholics Painting the Contested Past.” Renaissance Quarterly 70.1 (2017): 132–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van der Steen, Jasper. Memory Wars in the Low Countries, 1566–1700. Leiden: Brill 2015.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Gelderen, Martin. The Political Thought of the Dutch Revolt, 1555–1559. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Haecht, Godevaert. De kroniek van Godevaert van Haecht over de troebelen van 1565 tot 1574 te Antwerpen en elders. Ed. Robert Van Roosbroeck. 2 vols. Antwerp: De Sikkel, 1928–33.Google Scholar
van Meerbeeck, Adriaan. Theatre funebre ou sont representéez les funerailles de plusieurs princes de la vie, trespas, et magnifiques obseques de Albert le Pie… . Brussels, 1622.Google Scholar
Van Meteren, Emanuel. Historie der Nederlandscher ende haerder naburen oorlogen ende geschiedenissen. The Hague, 1614.Google Scholar
Van Sprang, Sabine. “‘Voyez notre belle capacité à gouverner.’ Sobre las ‘Fiestas del papagayo de 1615 en Bruselas’ en honor de la infanta Isabel.” In El legado de Borgoña (2010), 305–21.Google Scholar
Van Zuijlen, Roger Adriaan. Inventaris der archieven van de stad ’s-Hertogenbosch. 3 vols. ’s-Hertogenbosch, 1863–73.Google Scholar
Varela, Javier. La Muerte del rey: El ceremonial funerario de la monarquía Española, 1500–1885. Madrid: Turner, 1990 Google Scholar
Vaughan, Richard. Philip the Bold: The Formation of the Burgundian State. Rochester, NY: Boydell Press, 2002 Google Scholar
Viaene, Antoon. “Wapenkabinet bij de uitvaart van de heer van Diksmuide, 1568.” Biekorf 61.3 (1960): 65–68.Google Scholar
Wolfe, Michael. “The Strange Afterlife of Henri III: Dynastic Distortions in Early Bourbon France.” Renaissance Studies 10.4 (1996): 474–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wurtzel, Ellen. “The Joyous Entry of Albert and Isabella in Lille: History, Conquest and the Making of Belgium.” Royal Studies Journal 3.2 (2016): 18–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Archives Départementales du Nord (ADN), Lille, B 2530, 2539, 2596, 2776, 2782, 2788, 2884, 2890. “Recette générale des finances.” Accounts of the receiver-general.Google Scholar
Bibliothèque Municipale de Besançon (BMB), Fonds Chiflet 68, fols. 234r–238r. “Mémoire de ce que sera de faire pour les obsèques du prince et de la royne d’Espagne”: http://memoirevive.besancon.fr/.Google Scholar
BMB, Chiflet 68, fols. 276r–283r. “L’ordre a tenir aux obsequies que l’on pretent apparement faire en ceste ville de Bruxelles en l’eglise collegiale de Saincte Goule”: http://memoirevive.besancon.fr/.Google Scholar
BMB, Chiflet 68, fols. 70r–80v. “L’ordre observe en la pompe funèbre du roy catholique don Ferdinand, à Bruxelles, l’an 1516”: http://memoirevive.besancon.fr/.Google Scholar
Felixarchief, Antwerp, R 38, fol. 399v. City accounts. 1598–99.Google Scholar
National Archives of Belgium (ARA), Brussels, Audiëntie (Aud.) 620, 621. Correspondence between Archduke Albert, Cardinal Andreas of Austria, the Great Council of Mechelen, and the Council of Finance. 1598.Google Scholar
ARA, Aud. 1235. Payment to Josse de Becberghe for restoring the armorial cabinet of Philip II. 21 November 1600.Google Scholar
ARA, Aud. 1496/4. François Damant, Toison d’or, to Josse de Becberghe. 3 August 1593.Google Scholar
ARA, Aud. 2814. Marching order of Philip II’s exequies at Mons. 29 October 1598.Google Scholar
ARA, Rekenkamers (RK) 117. Account of Philip II’s exequies in the Brussels church of St. Gudula (30 and 31 December 1598). 27 October 1600.Google Scholar
ARA, Rekenkamer te Rijssel, Kwitanties in portefeuilles (RRK) 1200. Receipts of payment for Philip II’s exequies. 1598–99.Google Scholar
ARA, RRK 1223. Receipt of payment of reparations to the armorial cabinets and “pieces d’honneur” in the choir of St. Gudula. 11 February 1617.Google Scholar
Royal Library of Belgium (KBR), Brussels, MS 14842. “Troubles et faict de la religion à Bruxelles.”Google Scholar
KBR, MS II 1301, fol. 82r. Report by François Damant. After 1587.Google Scholar
KBR, Prints, S.I 17431. “Portrait de la tombe posée à Anvers le 6 décembre 1598 au grand cœur de l’église cathédrale de N.-D. à la celebrat. des Exeques de nre Sire le Roy d’Espaigne Philippe le 2. … Catafalque de Philippe II érigé en la cathédrale d’Anvers le 6 décembre 1598.”Google Scholar
State Archives in Brussels (SAB), Vorst, Church Archives St. Gudula 9403. Accounts of the churchwardens of St. Gudula. 1579–87.Google Scholar
a Duetecum, Joannes and Lucas. La magnifique, et sumptueuse pompe funèbre faite aus obsequies, et funerailles du tresgrand, et tresvictorieus empereur Charles. Antwerp, 1559.Google Scholar
Albert and Isabella 1598–1621. Essays. Ed. Werner Thomas and Luc Duerloo. Turnhout: Brepols, 1998 Google Scholar
Arbury, Andrew S. “Spanish Catafalques of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries.” PhD diss., Rutgers University, 1992.Google Scholar
Arnade, Peter. Realms of Ritual: Burgundian Ceremony and Civic Life in Late Medieval Ghent. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1996 Google Scholar
Arnade, Peter. Beggars, Iconoclasts, and Civic Patriots: The Political Culture of the Dutch Revolt. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2008 Google Scholar
Blaseus, Jacques. Sermon funebre faict par le reverme evesque de Namur, messire Iacques Blaseus, aux funerailles du trescatholique, treshault & trespuissa[n]t Prince & Monarque Philippe 2. Roy des Espaignes &c. Brussels, 1599.Google Scholar
Boureau, Alain. Le simple corps du roi: L’impossible sacralité des souverains français XVe-XVIIIe siècles. Paris: Editions de Paris, 1988 Google Scholar
Brants, Victor, ed. Recueil des ordonnances des Pays-Bas. Règne d’Albert et Isabelle: 1597–1621. 2 vols. Brussels: J. Goemaere, 1909–12.Google Scholar
Brown, Andrew. Civic Ceremony and Religion in Medieval Bruges c. 1300–1520. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011 Google Scholar
Brown, Andrew. “Exit Ceremonies in Burgundian Bruges.” In Staging the Court of Burgundy: Proceedings of the Conference “The Splendour of Burgundy,” ed. Wim Blockmans, Till-Holger Borchert, Nele Gabriëls, et al., 113–19. Turnhout: Brepols, 2013.Google Scholar
Burgon, John William. The Life and Times of Sir Thomas Gresham. 2 vols. London: Effingham Wilson, 1839 Google Scholar
Burke, Peter. “Performing History: The Importance of Occasions.” Rethinking History 9.1 (2005): 35–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bussels, Stijn. Rhetoric, Performance and Power: The Antwerp Entry of Prince Philip in 1549. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2012 Google Scholar
Certaine relation des obseques faicts Philippe 2. de ce nom, Roy d’Espagnes, nostre Sire, nagueres en la cité de Ferrare, y assistan N.S.P. le Pape Clement 8. Et en la ville de Bruxelles au Pays Bas, y assistant Son Alteze le Serenme. Prince André Cardinal d’Austrice, Gouverneur des Pays Bas, Capne General… . Brussels, 1599.Google Scholar
Checa Cremades, Fernando. Felipe II, mecenas de las artes. Madrid: Nerea, 1992 Google Scholar
Chevalier-De Gottal, Anne. Les fêtes et les arts à la cour de Brabant à l’aube du XVe siècle. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 1996 Google Scholar
Chifflet, Jean-Jacques. Insignia gentilitia equitum ordinis velleris aurei, feciualium verbis enuntiata. Antwerp, 1632.Google Scholar
Chroscicki, Juliusz A., Mark Hengerer, and Gérard Sabatier, eds. Les funérailles princières en Europe (XVIe–XVIIIe siècle): Le grand théâtre de la mort. Versailles: Centre de Recherche du Château de Versailles, 2012 Google Scholar
Cools, Hans. “Uitvaarten als intredes: De scenografie van de successie bij aristocratische begrafenissen in de Bourgondisch-Habsburgse landen en de jonge Republiek.” In Bourgondië voorbij: De Nederlanden 1250–1650: Liber alumnorum Wim Blockmans. ed. Mario Damen and Louis Sicking, 193–206. Hilversum: Verloren, 2010 Google Scholar
Coremans, Victor Amédée. “Relation des funérailles de S. A. l’archiduc Ernest de très heureuse mémoire, telles qu’elles eurent lieu à Bruxelles en l’an 1600, le 16 du mois de mars.” Bulletin de la Commission Royale d’Histoire 13 (1847): 143–47.Google Scholar
Damen, Mario. “Wapenboeken als het schriftelijk geheugen van de laatmiddeleeuwse adel.” In Schriftgeheimen: Opstellen over schrift en schriftcultuur. ed. Lisa Kuitert, Paul Dijstelberge, and Marjolein Hogenbirk, 311–34. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2017 Google Scholar
De Frenne, Liesbeth. “Verzoening en herstel van het vorstelijke gezag. De aartshertogen Albrecht en Isabella en de stad Gent (1598–1621).” Handelingen der maatschappij voor geschiedenis en oudheidkunde te Gent 60 (2006): 247–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Godoy, Pedro. Suma de la muerte, y honras de su Magestad el rey D. Felipe III. de las Españas nuestro señor en los Reales Conventos de San Geronimo y Santo Domingo… . Madrid, 1621.Google Scholar
De Kempenaere, Philippe. Vlaemsche Kronyk of dagregister van al het gene gedenkweerdig voorgevallen is, binnen de stad Gent, sedert den 15 july 1566 tot 15 juny 1585. Ed. Philip Marie Blommaert. Ghent: L. Hebbelynck, 1839 Google Scholar
del Río Barredo, María José. Madrid, Urbs Regia: La capital ceremonial de la Monarquía Católica. Madrid: Marcial Pons, 2000 Google Scholar
Denucé, Jan. Filips IV, koning van Spanje en zijn Cenotaphium te Antwerpen in 1665, door Erasmus Quellien. Antwerp: Standaard, 1942 Google Scholar
de Pottre, Jan. Dagboek van Jan de Pottre, 1549–1602. Ed. Jules de St. Genois. Ghent: C. Annoot-Braeckman, 1861 Google Scholar
de Sandoval, Prudencio. Historia del Emperador Carlos V, rey de España. 9 vols. Madrid: La Illustracion, 1846–47.Google Scholar
De Schepper, Hugo. “De Kollaterale Raden in de Katholieke Nederlanden van 1579 tot 1609.” PhD diss., KU Leuven, 1972.Google Scholar
De Schepper, Hugo. “Los Países Bajos y la Monarquía Hispánica. Intentos de reconciliación hasta la tregua de los Doce Años (1547–1609).” In España y las 17 provincias de los Países Bajos: Una revisión historiográfica (XVI–XVIII). ed. Ana Crespo Solana and Manuel Herrero Sánchez, 1:327–53. Cordoba: Universidad de Cordoba, 2002 Google Scholar
Desmedt, An. “De koning is dood, leve de koning! Publieke rituelen in Brugge tussen 1598 en 1648.” MA thesis, Universiteit Gent, 2002.Google Scholar
Duerloo, Luc. “Pietas Albertina: Dynastieke vroomheid en herbouw van het vorstelijke gezag.” BMGN: The Low Countries Historical Review 112.1 (1997): 1–18.Google Scholar
Duerloo, Luc. “Archducal Piety and Habsburg Power.” In Albert and Isabella 1598–1621 (1998), 267–83.Google Scholar
Duerloo, Luc. “Sincères condoléances. De la commémoration des funérailles princières aux Pays-Bas.” In La Pompe funèbre de Charles III, 1608. ed. Philippe Martin, 185–91. Metz: Editions Serpenoise, 2008 Google Scholar
Duerloo, Luc. Dynasty and Piety: Archduke Albert (1598–1621) and Habsburg Political Culture in an Age of Religious Wars. Farnham: Ashgate, 2012 Google Scholar
Edelmayer, Friedrich. “Die Leichenfeiern für Ferdinand den Katholischen in den Niederlanden (1516).” In De Tod des Machtigen: Kult und Kultur des Todes spatmittelalterlicher Herrscher. ed. Lothar Kolmer, 229–45. Paderborn: Schöningh, 1997 Google Scholar
Eire, Carlos M. N. From Madrid to Purgatory: The Art and Craft of Dying in Sixteenth-Century Spain. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995 Google Scholar
Esteban Estríngana, Alicia. “Haciendo rostro a la fortuna. Guerra, paz y soberanía en los Países Bajos (1590–1621).” In Tiempo de Paces: La Pax Hispanica y la Tregua de los Doce Años, 1609–1621. 77–123. Madrid: Fundación Carlos de Amberes, 2009 Google Scholar
Esteban Estríngana, Alicia. “Preparing the Ground: The Cession of the Netherlands’ Sovereignty in 1598 and the Failure of its Peace-Making Objective (1607–1609).” In The Twelve Years Truce (2014), 15–47.Google Scholar
[F. G. V.] Antwerpsch chronykje… . Leiden, 1743.Google Scholar
Gachard, Louis Prosper, ed. Analectes belgiques, ou recueil de pièces inédites, mémoires, notices, faits et anecdotes concernant l’histoire des Pays-Bas, vol. 1. Brussels, 1830.Google Scholar
Gachard, Louis Prosper, ed. Collection des documents inédits concernant l’histoire de la Belgique. 3 vols. Brussels, 1833–35.Google Scholar
Gaude-Ferragu, Murielle. D’Or et des cendres: La mort et les funérailles des princes dans le royaume de France au bas Moyen Âge. Villeneuve d’Ascq: Presses Universitaires du Septentrion, 2005 Google Scholar
Germonprez, Dagmar. “De Recette Générale en de restauratie van het Brabantse katholieke landschap onder de Aartshertogen Albrecht en Isabella.” Noordbrabants historisch jaarboek 32 (2015): 73–88.Google Scholar
Gielens, Alfons. “De kosten van de blijde intrede van den hertog van Anjou.” Antwerpen’s Oudheidkundige Kring 16 (1940): 93–105.Google Scholar
Giesey, Ralph E. The Royal Funeral Ceremony in Renaissance France. Geneva: Droz, 1960 Google Scholar
Le grand théâtre sacré du duché de Brabant. 2 vols. The Hague, 1729.Google Scholar
Helbig, Jean, and Bemden, Yvette Vanden, eds. Les vitraux de la première moitié du XVIe siècle conservés en Belgique: Brabant et Limbourg. Ghent: Erasmus Ministère de l’éducation national, 1974 Google Scholar
Henne, Alexandre, and Wauters, Alphonse. Histoire de la ville de Bruxelles. 3 vols. Brussels: Perichon, 1845 Google Scholar
Hermans, Cornelis R., ed. Verzameling van kronyken, charters en oorkonden betrekkelijk de stad en meijerij van ’s Hertogenbosch. 3 vols. ’s-Hertogenbosch: P. Stokvis, 1847–48.Google Scholar
Hoyois, Jean-Paul. “Le service funèbre célébré à Mons pour Philippe II (28 et 29 octobre 1598).” In Hainaut: La terre et les hommes. Mélanges offerts à Jean-Marie Cauchies par Hannonia à l’occasion de son soixante-cinquième anniversaire. ed. Claude Depauw, Philippe Desmette, Laurent Honnoré, et al., 341–64. Mons: Hannonia, 2016 Google Scholar
Iñiguez de Lequerica, Juan. “Relacion de la forma en que se hizieron las honras del Rey don Felipe nuestro señor.” In Sermones funerales en las honras del rey nuestro señor don Felipe II con el que se predicò en las de la serenissima Infanta D. Catalina Duquessa de Saboya, fols. 5r–7v. Madrid, 1601.Google Scholar
Jacquot, Jean. “Panorama des fêtes et cérémonies du règne.” In Les fêtes de la Renaissance II. ed. Jean Jacquot, 413–91. Paris: CNRS Editions, 1960 Google Scholar
Janssen, Geert H.. “Political Ambiguity and Confessional Diversity in the Funeral Processions of Stadholders in the Dutch Republic.” Sixteenth Century Journal 40.2 (2009): 283–91.Google Scholar
Janssens, Gustaaf. “El sermon fúnebre predicado por François Richardot en Bruselas ante Felipe II con la occasion de la muerte del emperador Carlos V.” In Carlos V y la quiebra del humanismo politico en Europa (1530–1558). ed. José Martínez Millán, 1:349–62. Madrid: Sociedad estatal para la conmemoración de los centenarios de Felipe II y Carlos V, 2001 Google Scholar
Koller, Fortuné. Au service de la Toison d’or (les officiers). Dison: G. Lelotte, 1971 Google Scholar
Lecuppre-Desjardin, Elodie. La ville des cérémonies: Essai sur la communication politique dans les anciens Pays-Bas bourguignon. Turnhout: Brepols, 2004 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
El legado de Borgoña: Fiesta y ceremonia cortesana en la Europa de los Austrias (1454–1648). Ed. Bernardo García García, Krista De Jonghe, and Alicia Esteban Estríngana. Madrid: Fundación Carlos de Amberes, 2010 Google Scholar
Lhermite, Jehan. Le passetemps de Jehan Lhermite, publié d’après le manuscrit original. 2 vols. Ed. Charles Ruelens, Émile Ouverleaux, and Jules Jean Petit. Antwerp: J.-E. Buschmann, 1890–96.Google Scholar
López Poza, Sagrario. “Empresas o divisas del rey Felipe III de España.” In Palabras, símbolos, emblemas: Las estructuras gráficas de la representación. ed. Ana Martínez Pereira, Inmaculada Osuna, and Víctor Infantes, 323–32. Madrid: Turpin Editores y Sociedad Española de Emblemática, 2013 Google Scholar
Orso, Steven N. Art and Death at the Spanish Habsburg Court: The Royal Exequies for Philip IV. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 1989 Google Scholar
Parker, Geoffrey. The Dutch Revolt. London: Pelican, 1985 Google Scholar
Parker, Geoffrey. Imprudent King: A New Life of Philip II. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2014 Google Scholar
Pastoureau, Michel. “La Toison d’or, sa légende, ses symboles, son influence sur l’histoire littéraire.” In L’ordre de la Toison d’or, de Philippe le Bon à Philippe le Beau (1430–1505): Idéal ou reflet d’une société?. ed. Pierre Cockshaw and Christiane Van den Bergen-Pantens, 99–106. Turnhout: Brepols, 1996 Google Scholar
Pollmann, Judith. Catholic Identity and the Revolt of the Netherlands, 1520–1635. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raeymaekers, Dries. One Foot in the Palace: The Habsburg Court of Brussels and the Politics of Access in the Reign of Albert and Isabella, 1598–1621. Leuven: Leuven University Press, 2013 Google Scholar
Rosenthal, Earl E.. “The Invention of the Columnar Device of Emperor Charles V at the Court of Burgundy in Flanders in 1516.” Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 36 (1973): 198–230.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ruelens, Charles. “Obsèques de Philippe le Beau celebrées à Malines.” Revue d’histoire et d’archéologie 2 (1860): 416–33.Google Scholar
[Sanderus, Antonius]. Basilica Bruxellensis sive monumenta antiqua, inscriptiones, et coednotaphia aedis. Amsterdam, 1677.Google Scholar
Schnerb, Bertrand. “La croix de Saint-André ‘enseigne coignoissible des Bourguignons.’” In Signes et couleurs des identités politiques du Moyen Age à nos jours. ed. Denise Turrel, Martin Aurell, and Laurent Hablot, et al., 45–55. Rennes: Presses Universitaires de Rennes, 2008 Google Scholar
Schrader, Stephanie. “‘Greater than Ever He Was’: Ritual and Power in Charles V’s 1558 Funeral Procession.” Nederlands Kunsthistorisch Jaarboek 49 (1998): 69–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schraven, Minou. Festive Funerals in Early Modern Italy: The Art and Culture of Conspicuous Commemoration. Farnham: Ashgate, 2014 Google Scholar
Simonneau, Henri. “Antoine Olivier, officier d’armes et agent double au sein de la Toison d’Or (1567–1573).” Publication du Centre européen d’études bourguignonnes (XIVe–XVIe s.) 48 (2008): 292–99.Google Scholar
Soen, Violet. “Reconquista and Reconciliation in the Dutch Revolt: The Campaign of Governor-General Alexander Farnese (1578–1592).” Journal of Early Modern History 16.1 (2012a): 1–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Soen, Violet. “La reiteration de pardon collectifs à finalités politiques pendant la Révolte des Pays-Bas (1565–1598). Un cas d’espèce dans les rapports de force aux Temps Modernes?” In “Préférant miséricorde à rigueur de justice.” Pratiques de la grâce (XIIIe–XVIIe siècles): Actes de la journée d’études de Neuve, 15 octobre 2007, ed. Bernard Dauwen and Xavier Rousseaux, 97–123. Louvain-la-Neuve: Presses Universitaires de Louvain, 2012b.Google Scholar
Soen, Violet, and Bram De Ridder. “The Act of Cession, the 1598 and 1600 States-Generals in Brussels and the Peace Negotiations during the Dutch Revolt.” In The Twelve Years Truce (2014), 48–68.Google Scholar
Soenen, Micheline. “Pompes funèbres a Bruxelles à la fin du XVIe siècle: Deux dessins inconnus dans des archives privees.” In Bruxelles et la vie urbaine: Archives—art—histoire. Recueil d’articles dédiés à la mémoire d’Arlette Smolar-Meynart (1938–2000). ed. Frank Daelemans and André Vanrie, 1:257–76. Brussels: Archives et bibliothèques de Belgique, 2001 Google Scholar
Soly, Hugo. “Plechtige intochten in de steden van de Zuidelijke Nederlanden tijdens de overgang van Middeleeuwen naar Nieuwe Tijd: Communicatie, propaganda, spektakel.” Tijdschrift voor Geschiedenis 97.3 (1984): 341–60.Google Scholar
Spicer, Andrew. “After Iconoclasm: Reconciliation and Resacralization in the Southern Netherlands, ca. 1566–85.” Sixteenth Century Journal 44.2 (2013): 411–33.Google Scholar
Stein, Robert. “Gifts of Mourning-Cloth at the Brabantine Court in the Fifteenth Century.” In Showing Status: Representations of Social Positions in the Late Middle Ages. ed. Wim Blockmans and Antheun Janse, 53–58. Turnhout: Brepols, 1999 Google Scholar
Stensland, Monica. Habsburg Communication in the Dutch Revolt. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2012 Google Scholar
Stollberg-Rilinger, Barbara. “Symbolische Kommunikation in der Vormoderne. Begriffe-Thesen-Forschungs- perspektiven.” Zeitschrift für Historische Forschung 31.4 (2004): 489–527.Google Scholar
Stollberg-Rilinger, Barbara. Rituale. Frankfurt am Main: Campus Verlag, 2013 Google Scholar
Thøfner, Margit. “‘Domina & Princeps proprietaria’: The Ideal of Sovereignty in the Joyous Entries of the Archduke Albert and the Infanta Isabella.” In Albert and Isabella 1598–1621 (1998), 55–66.Google Scholar
Thøfner, Margit. A Common Art: Urban Ceremonial in Antwerp and Brussels during and after the Dutch Revolt. Zwolle: Waanders, 2007 Google Scholar
Thøfner, Margit. “Funerales apropiados para los Duques de Borgoña: Las obsequias celebradas en Bruselas para el emperador Carlos V (1558) y el archiduque Alberto (1622).” In El legado de Borgoña (2010), 653–73.Google Scholar
Thomas, Werner. “La fiesta como estrategia de pacificación en los Países Bajos meridionales, 1598–1621.” In El legado de Borgoña (2010), 267–303.Google Scholar
The Twelve Years Truce (1609): Peace, Truce, War and Law in the Low Countries at the Turn of the 17th Century. Ed. Randall Lesaffer. Leiden: Brill, 2014 Google Scholar
Van Bruaene, Anne-Laure. “The Habsburg Theatre State: Court, City and the Performance of Identity in the Early Modern Southern Low Countries.” In Networks, Regions and Nations: Shaping Identities in the Low Countries, 1300–1650. ed. Robert Stein and Judith Pollmann, 131–49. Leiden: Brill, 2010 Google Scholar
van der Essen, Léon. Alexandre Farnèse, prince de Parme, gouverneur général des Pays-Bas (1545–1592). 5 vols. Brussels: Librairie nationale d’art et d’histoire, 1933–37.Google Scholar
van der Lem, Anton. Verbeeldingen van vrijheid: Partijtekens en nationale symboliek in de eerste decennia van de Tachtigjarige Oorlog, 1564–1584. Utrecht: Geldmuseum, 2006 Google Scholar
van der Linden, David. “Memorializing the Wars of Religion in Early Seventeenth-Century French Picture Galleries: Protestant and Catholics Painting the Contested Past.” Renaissance Quarterly 70.1 (2017): 132–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van der Steen, Jasper. Memory Wars in the Low Countries, 1566–1700. Leiden: Brill 2015.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Gelderen, Martin. The Political Thought of the Dutch Revolt, 1555–1559. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Haecht, Godevaert. De kroniek van Godevaert van Haecht over de troebelen van 1565 tot 1574 te Antwerpen en elders. Ed. Robert Van Roosbroeck. 2 vols. Antwerp: De Sikkel, 1928–33.Google Scholar
van Meerbeeck, Adriaan. Theatre funebre ou sont representéez les funerailles de plusieurs princes de la vie, trespas, et magnifiques obseques de Albert le Pie… . Brussels, 1622.Google Scholar
Van Meteren, Emanuel. Historie der Nederlandscher ende haerder naburen oorlogen ende geschiedenissen. The Hague, 1614.Google Scholar
Van Sprang, Sabine. “‘Voyez notre belle capacité à gouverner.’ Sobre las ‘Fiestas del papagayo de 1615 en Bruselas’ en honor de la infanta Isabel.” In El legado de Borgoña (2010), 305–21.Google Scholar
Van Zuijlen, Roger Adriaan. Inventaris der archieven van de stad ’s-Hertogenbosch. 3 vols. ’s-Hertogenbosch, 1863–73.Google Scholar
Varela, Javier. La Muerte del rey: El ceremonial funerario de la monarquía Española, 1500–1885. Madrid: Turner, 1990 Google Scholar
Vaughan, Richard. Philip the Bold: The Formation of the Burgundian State. Rochester, NY: Boydell Press, 2002 Google Scholar
Viaene, Antoon. “Wapenkabinet bij de uitvaart van de heer van Diksmuide, 1568.” Biekorf 61.3 (1960): 65–68.Google Scholar
Wolfe, Michael. “The Strange Afterlife of Henri III: Dynastic Distortions in Early Bourbon France.” Renaissance Studies 10.4 (1996): 474–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wurtzel, Ellen. “The Joyous Entry of Albert and Isabella in Lille: History, Conquest and the Making of Belgium.” Royal Studies Journal 3.2 (2016): 18–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar