Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T11:46:20.481Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Comparison of the seed germination and early seedling growth of soybean in saline conditions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 February 2007

Mohammad Khajeh Hosseini ,
Alison A. Powell  and
Ian J. Bingham
Mohammad Khajeh Hosseini*
Affiliation:
1Department of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
Alison A. Powell
Affiliation:
1Department of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
Ian J. Bingham
Affiliation:
2Department of Agronomy, SAC, Craibstone Estate, Aberdeen, AB21 9YA, UK
*
*Correspondence Fax: +44–1224–273731 Email: agr844@abdn.ac.uk
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Germination and seedling growth of soybean (Glycine max L.) cv. Williams were examined on paper towels pre-moistened with a range of saline solutions (germination: 0–500 mMolal NaCl; seedling growth: 0–330 mMolal NaCl). The Na+, K+ and Ca2+ concentrations in the embryonic axis immediately before germination and in the seedling 3.5 d after germination were measured. Germination decreased at NaCl concentrations of 330 mMolal (81% germination) and above. At 420 mMolal NaCl, only 40% of seeds germinated, and at 500 mMolal NaCl there was no germination. Seedling growth rate decreased drastically with increasing salinity. At 220 mMolal NaCl, seedling growth rate had declined to 5% of the control, whereas at 330 mMolal NaCl seedling growth was almost zero 3–4 d after germination. Thus, soybean seeds were more tolerant of salinity in the germination than in the seedling phase. The results suggest that the greater tolerance of salinity during the germination phase might, in part, be the result of a lower sensitivity to high tissue Na+ concentrations. Germination (40%) was possible at a tissue Na+ concentration in the embryonic axis of 9.3 mg g FW-1, whereas seedling growth was completely inhibited at a tissue Na+ concentration of 6.1 mg g FW-1. Germination at higher tissue Na+ concentrations was associated with higher K+ and Ca2+ concentrations in the embryo axis, compared with growing seedlings, suggesting that these ions may protect the seeds in the pre-germination phase against salinity.

Keywords

seedling growthcalciumpotassiumsodiumsalinity stressseed germinationsoybeanGlycine max
Type
Research Article
Information
Seed Science Research , Volume 12 , Issue 3 , September 2002 , pp. 165 - 172
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2002

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Allen, S.E. (1989) Analysis of vegetation and other organic materials. In Chemical analysis of ecological materials. pp 46–61. Allen, S.E. (Ed.) London, Blackwell Scientific Publications.Google Scholar
Allen, S.G., Dobrenz, A.K. and Bartels, P.G. (1986) Physiological response of salt-tolerant and nontolerant alfalfa to salinity during germination. Crop Science 26, 1004–1008.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Al-Niemi, T.S., Campbell, W.F. and Rumbaugh, M.D. (1992) Response of alfalfa cultivars to salinity during germination and post-germination growth. Crop Science 32, 976–980.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ben-Hayyim, G., Kafkafi, U. and Ganmore-Neumann, R. (1987) Role of internal potassium in maintaining growth of cultured citrus callus on increasing NaCl and CaCl2 concentrations. Plant Physiology 85, 434–439.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bewley, J.D. and Black, M. (1994) Cellular events during germination and seedling growth. pp 147–197. Bewley, J.D. and Black, M. (Eds.) Seeds. Physiology of development and germination. New York, Plenum Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bingham, I.J. and Cumbus, I.P. (1991) Influence of root temperature on the potassium requirements of young tomato plants. Plant and Soil 133, 227–237.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bingham, I.J. and Merritt, G.J. (1999) Effects of seed ageing on early post-germination root extension in maize: a spatial and histological analysis of the growth-zone. Seed Science and Technology 27, 151–162.Google Scholar
Bino, R.J., Lanteri, S., Verhoeven, H.A. and Kraak, H.L. (1993) Flow cytometric determination of nuclear replication stages in seed tissues. Annals of Botany 72, 181–187.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bliss, R.D., Platt-Aloia, K.A. and Thomson, W.W. (1986) Osmotic sensitivity in relation to salt sensitivity in germinating barley seeds. Plant, Cell and Environment 9, 721–725.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cachorro, P., Ortiz, A. and Cerda, A. (1994) Implications of calcium nutrition on the response of Phaseolus vulgaris L. to salinity. Plant and Soil 159, 205–212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cramer, G.R. (1992) Kinetics of maize leaf elongation II. Responses of a Na-excluding cultivar and a Na-including cultivar to varying Na/Ca salinities. Journal of Experimental Botany 43, 857–864.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cramer, G.R., Lauchli, A. and Polito, V.S. (1985) Displacement of Ca2+ by Na+ from the plasmalemma of root cells. Plant Physiology 79, 207–211.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Guerrier, G. (1991) Improvement of seed vigour by KCl and CaCl2 pretreatments – relation with the regulation of hydrolytic enzyme activities. Agrochimica 35, 396–407.Google Scholar
Haber, A.H. and Luippold, H.J. (1960) Separation of mechanisms initiating cell division and cell expansion in lettuce seed germination. Plant Physiology 35, 168–173.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hajibagheri, M.A., Harvey, D.M.R. and Flowers, T.J. (1987) Quantitative ion distribution within root cells of salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant maize varieties. New Phytologist 105, 367–379.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hampson, C.R. and Simpson, G.M. (1990) Effects of temperature, salt, and osmotic potential on early growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum). II. Early seedling growth. Canadian Journal of Botany 68, 529–532.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huang, J. and Redmann, R.E. (1995) Responses of growth, morphology and anatomy to salinity and calcium supply in cultivated and wild barley. Canadian Journal of Botany 73, 1859–1866.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jeschke, W.D. and Wolf, O. (1988) Effect of NaCl salinity on growth, development, ion distribution, and ion translocation in castor bean (Ricinus communis L.). Journal of Plant Physiology 132, 45–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Katsuhara, M. and Kawasaki, T. (1996) Salt stress induced nuclear and DNA degradation in meristematic cells of barley roots. Plant and Cell Physiology 37, 169–173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Katembe, W.J., Ungar, I.A. and Mitchell, J.P. (1998) Effect of salinity on germination and seedling growth of two Atriplex species (Chenopodiaceae). Annals of Botany 82, 167–175.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kent, L.M. and Lauchli, A. (1985) Germination and seedling growth of cotton: Salinity–calcium interactions. Plant, Cell and Environment 8, 155–159.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khajeh Hosseini, M. (2000) The response of soybean seeds to the stresses of semi-arid environments during germination and early seedling growth. PhD Thesis, University of Aberdeen, UK.Google Scholar
Kinraide, T.B. (1999) Interaction among Ca+2, Na+ and K+ in salinity toxicity: quantitative resolution of multiple toxic and ameliorative effects. Journal of Experimental Botany 50, 1495–1505.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leigh, R.A. and Johnston, A.E. (1983) Concentrations of potassium in the dry matter and tissue water of field-grown spring barley and their relationship to grain yield. Journal of Agricultural Science (Cambridge) 101, 675–685.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leigh, R.A. and Wyn Jones, R.G. (1984) A hypothesis relating critical potassium concentrations for growth to the distribution and functions of this ion in the plant cell. New Phytologist 97, 1–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, T., van Staden, J. and Cress, W.A. (2000) Salinity induced nuclear degradation in meristematic cells of soybean (Glycine max (L.)) roots. Plant Growth Regulation 30, 49–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lloyd, C.W. and Barlow, P.W. (1982) The co-ordination of cell division and elongation: the role of the cytoskeleton. pp 203–228. Lloyd, C. W. (Eds) The cytoskeleton in plant growth and development. London, Academic Press.Google Scholar
Meiri, A., Kamburoff, J. and Poljakoff-Mayber, A. (1971) Response of bean plants to sodium chloride and sodium sulphate salinization. Annals of Botany 35, 837–847.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miksche, J.R. (1961) Developmental vegetative morphology of Glycine max. Agronomy Journal 53, 121–128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muthiah, S., Longer, D.E. and Harris, W.M. (1994) Staging soybean seedling growth from germination to emergence. Crop Science 34, 289–291.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neumann, P.M., Azaizeh, H. and Leon, D. (1994) Hardening of root cell walls: a growth inhibitory response to salinity stress. Plant, Cell and Environment 17, 303–309.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nichols, M.A. and Heydecker, W. (1968) Two approaches to the study of germination data. Proceedings of International Seed Testing Association 33, 531–540.Google Scholar
Paliwal, K.V. and Maliwal, G.L. (1973) Salt tolerance of some arhar (Cajanus indicus) and cowpea (Vigna cinencis) varieties at germination and seedling stages. Annals of Arid Zone 12, 135–144.Google Scholar
Pearson, G.A., Ayers, A.D. and Eberhard, D.L. (1966) Relative salt tolerance of rice during germination and early seedling development. Soil Science 102, 151–156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pritchard, J. (1994) The control of cell expansion in roots. New Phytologist 127, 3–26.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Redmann, R.E. (1974) Osmotic and specific ion effects on the germination of alfalfa. Canadian Journal of Botany 52, 803–808.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rehman, S., Deghayes, A.H., Bourne, W.F. and Harris, P.J.C. (1999) Response of Acacia bivenosa, A. salicina, A. saligna and A. tumida to salinity stress during seed germination and seedling growth. In Proceedings of world seed conference, September 1999, Cambridge, UK. p. 70.Google Scholar
Rengel, Z. (1992) The role of calcium in salt toxicity: A review. Plant, Cell and Environment 15, 625–632.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rogers, M.E. and Noble, C.L. (1991) The effect of NaCl on the establishment and growth of balansa clover (Trifolium michelianum savi. Var. balansae Boiss). Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 42, 847–857.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rogers, M.E., Noble, C.L., Halloran, G.M. and Nicolas, M.E. (1995) The effect of NaCl on the germination and early seedling growth of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) populations selected for high and low salinity tolerance. Seed Science and Technology 23, 277–287.Google Scholar
Solomon, M., Gedalovich, E., Mayer, A.M. and Poljakoff-Mayber, A. (1986) Changes induced by salinity to the anatomy and morphology of excised pea roots in culture. Annals of Botany 57, 811–818.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Volkmar, K.M., Hu, Y. and Steppuhn, H. (1998) Physiological responses of plants to salinity: A review. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 78, 19–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wienke, J. and Lauchli, A. (1979) Short-term studies on the uptake and transport of Cl- by soybean cultivars differing in salt tolerance. Zeitschrift Pflanzenernahrung und Bodenkunde 142, 799–814.CrossRefGoogle Scholar