Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T15:29:20.920Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Ambivalent Sexism Inventory: Adaptation to Basque Population and Sexism as a Risk Factor of Dating Violence

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 November 2016

Izaskun Ibabe ,
Ainara Arnoso  and
Edurne Elgorriaga
Izaskun Ibabe*
Affiliation:
Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU (Spain)
Ainara Arnoso
Affiliation:
Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU (Spain)
Edurne Elgorriaga
Affiliation:
Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU (Spain)
*
*Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Izaskun Ibabe. Universidad del País Vasco, College of Psychology, Department of Social Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Methodology. Avda. de Tolosa, 70. 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián (Guipúzcoa) Spain. E-mail: izaskun.ibabe@ehu.es
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

There is currently a consensus that sexism is one of the most important causes of intimate partner violence, but this has yet to be empirically demonstrated conclusively. The key objective of the study was to adapt Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI) and to validate it to the Basque language. It also aims to analyze the prevalence of violence in dating relationships and verify if ambivalent sexism in young men and women is a valid predictor of perpetration and/or victimization in their dating relationships. Ambivalent Sexism Inventory and Dating Relationship Questionnaire were administered to 1378 undergraduate students (66% women and 45% Basque), aged between 17 and 30. The psychometric properties of the Basque and Spanish versions of the ASI are deemed to be acceptable. Sufficient guarantees are provided to be used as an instrument for measuring ambivalent sexism in adult Basque speakers. Ambivalent sexism among young men and women are both positively associated with the perpetration of violence and victimization in their dating relationships. However, ambivalent sexism or two sub-types of sexism (hostile and benevolent) are not relevant risk factors to be perpetrator or victim of violence in dating relationships, due to accounting for 3% or less of variance in dating violence.

Keywords

ambivalent sexismbenevolent sexismdating violencegenderhostile sexism
Type
Research Article
Information
The Spanish Journal of Psychology , Volume 19 , 2016 , E78
Copyright
Copyright © Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos de Madrid 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Allen, C. T., Swan, S. C., & Raghavan, C. (2009). Gender symmetry, sexism, and intimate partner violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 24, 1816–1834. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260508325496 Google Scholar
Arbuckle, J. L. (1996). Full information estimation in the presence of incomplete data. In Marcoulides, G. A. & Schumacker, R. E. (Eds.), Advanced structural equation modeling: Issues and techniques (pp. 243–277). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Arnoso, A., Ibabe, I., & Elgorriaga, E. (2014, November). Creencias sexistas y factores de vulnerabilidad de la violencia de pareja en función del origen cultural [Sexist beliefs and vulnerability factors of intimate partner violence based on cultural background]. III Congreso Iberoamericano de Psicología de la Salud. Sevilla, Spain.Google Scholar
Bascón, M., Saavedra, J., & Arias, S. (2013). Conflictos y violencia de género en la adolescencia [Conflicts and gender-based violence in adolescence]. Análisis de Estrategias Discursivas y Recursos para la Coeducación, 17(1), 289–307.Google Scholar
Bookwala, J., Frieze, I. H., Smith, C., & Ryan, K. (1992). Predictors of dating violence: A multivariate analysis. Violence and Victims, 7, 297–311.Google Scholar
Camilli, G., & Shepard, L. A. (1994). Methods for identifying biased test items. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Capaldi, D. M., Knoble, N. B., Shortt, J. W., & Kim, H. K. (2012). A systematic review of risk factors for intimate partner violence. Partner Abuse, 3, 231–280.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Christopher, A. N., Zabel, K. L., & Miller, D. E. (2013). Personality, authoritarianism, social dominance, and ambivalent sexism: A mediational model. Individual Differences Research, 11, 70–80.Google Scholar
Cortés-Ayala, L., Flores Galaz, M., Bringas Molleda, C., Rodríguez-Franco, L., López-Cepero Borrego, J., & Rodríguez Díaz, F. J. (2015). Relación de maltrato en el noviazgo de jóvenes mexicanos. Análisis diferencial por sexo y nivel de estudios [Intimate partner violence in the relationships of mexican youth. Differential analysis by sex and level of schooling]. Terapia Psicológica, 33(1), 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-48082015000100001 Google Scholar
Desmarais, S. L., Reeves, K. A., Nicholls, T. L., Telford, R. P., & Fiebert, M. S. (2012). Prevalence of physical violence in intimate relationships, part 2: Rates of male and female perpetration. Partner Abuse, 3, 170–198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1946-6560.3.2.170 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Durán, M., Moya, M., Megías, J. L., & Viki, T. G. (2010). Social perception of rape victims in dating and married relationship: The role of perpetrator’s benevolent sexism. Sex Roles, 62, 505–519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11199-009-9676-7 Google Scholar
Expósito, F., Moya, M. C., & Glick, P. (1998). Sexismo ambivalente: Medición y correlatos [Ambivalent sexism: Measurement and correlates]. Revista de Psicología Social: International Journal of Social Psychology, 13, 159–169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1174/021347498760350641 Google Scholar
Ferragut, M., Blanca, M. J., & Ortiz-Tallo, M. (2013). Psychological values as protective factors against sexist attitudes in preadolescents. Psicothema, 25, 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2012.85 Google Scholar
Forbes, G. B., Jobe, R. L., White, K. B., Bloesch, E., & Adams-Curtis, L. E. (2005). Experiences with sexual coercion in college males and females. Sex Roles, 52, 165–173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11199-005-1292-6 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Formiga, N. S., Gouveia, V. V., & Santos, M. N. (2002). Inventário de sexismo ambivalente: Sua adaptação e relação com o gênero [Ambivalent sexism inventory: Its adaptation and correlation with gender]. Psicologia em Estudo, 7, 103–111.Google Scholar
Garaigordobil, M., & Aliri, J. (2013). Ambivalent sexism inventory: Standardization and normative data in a sample of the Basque Country. Behavioral Psychology/Psicología Conductual, 21, 173–186.Google Scholar
García-Díaz, V., Fernández-Feito, A., Rodríguez-Díaz, F. J., López-González, M. L., Mosterio-Díaz, M. P., & Lana-Pérez, A. (2013). Violencia de género en estudiantes de enfermería durante sus relaciones de noviazgo [Gender violence in nursing students during their dating relationships]. Atención Primaria, 45, 290–296.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glick, P., & Fiske, S. T. (1996). The ambivalent sexism inventory: Differentiating hostile and benevolent sexism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 491–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.70.3.491 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glick, P., Fiske, S. T., Mladinic, A., Saiz, J. L., Abrams, D., Masser, B., … López, W. (2000). Beyond prejudice as simple antipathy: Hostile and benevolent sexism across cultures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 763–775. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.79.5.763 Google Scholar
Glick, P., Sakalli-Ugurlu, N., Ferreira, M. C., & Souza, M. A. (2002). Ambivalent sexism and attitudes toward wife abuse in Turkey and Brazil. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 26, 292–297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1471-6402.t01-1-00068 Google Scholar
Gonçalves, G., Orgambídez-Ramos, A., Giger, J. C., Santos, J., & Gomes, A. (2015). Validity evidence of the portuguese adaptation of the ambivalent sexism inventory. Revista de Psicología Social: International Journal of Social Psychology, 30, 152–181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02134748.2014.991518 Google Scholar
Graña Gómez, J. L., & Cuenca Montesino, M. L. (2014). Prevalence of psychological and physical intimate partner aggression in Madrid (Spain): A dyadic analysis. Psicothema, 26, 343–348. http://dx.doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2013.262 Google Scholar
Hambleton, R. K., & Patsula, L. (1999). Increasing the validity of adapted tests: Myths to be avoided and guidelines for improving test adaptation practices. Journal of Applied Testing Technology, 1, 1–30.Google Scholar
Helms, J. E. (2006). Fairness is not validity or cultural bias in racial/group assessment: A quantitative perspective. American Psychologist, 61, 845–859. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.61.8.845 Google Scholar
Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling. A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6, 1–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, M. P. (2008). A typology of domestic violence: Intimate terrorism, violent resistance, and situational couple violence. Boston, MA: Northeastern University Press.Google Scholar
León-Ramírez, B., & Ferrando, P. J. (2014). Assessing sexism and gender violence in a sample of Catalan university students: A validity study based on the ambivalent sexism inventory and the dating violence questionnaire. Anuario de Psicología/The UB Journal of Psychology, 44, 327–341.Google Scholar
López-Cepero, J., Lana, A., Rodríguez-Franco, L., Paíno, S. G., & Rodríguez-Díaz, J. (2015). Percepción y etiquetado de la experiencia violenta en las relaciones de noviazgo juvenil [Perception and description of violent experience in youth dating relationships]. Gaceta Sanitaria, 29, 21–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Megías, J. L., & Montañés, P. (2012). Perception of battered women on power asymmetry in their couples and its relation to violence: Preliminary study. Anales de Psicología, 28, 405–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesps.28.2.148901 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moya, M., Expósito, F., & Padilla, J. L. (2006). Revisión de las propiedades psicométricas de las versiones larga y reducida de la Escala sobre Ideología de Género [Review of psychometric properties of the long and short versions on Gender Ideology Scale]. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 6, 709–727.Google Scholar
Rodríguez-Franco, L., López-Cepero, J., Rodríguez-Díaz, F. J., Bringas, C., Antuña, M. A., & Estrada, C. (2010). Validación del cuestionario de violencia entre novios (CUVINO) en jóvenes hispanohablantes: Análisis de resultados en España, México y Argentina [Validation of dating violence questionnaire (CUVINO) in young Spanish speakers: Analysis of results in Spain, Mexico and Argentina]. Anuario de Psicología Clínica y de la Salud, 6, 45–53.Google Scholar
Roets, A., van Hiel, A., & Dhont, K. (2012). Is sexism a gender issue? A motivated social cognition perspective on men’s and women’s sexist attitudes toward the own and other gender. European Journal of Personality, 26, 350–359.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rojas-Solís, J. L., & Carpintero, E. (2011). Sexismo y agresiones físicas, sexuales y verbales-emocionales, en relaciones de noviazgo de estudiantes universitarios [Sexism and physical, sexual and verbal-emotional aggression in courtship relationships in university students]. Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology, 9, 541–564.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sakalli-Ugurlu, N., Yalcin, Z. S., & Glick, P. (2007). Ambivalent sexism, belief in a just world, and empathy as predictors of Turkish students’ attitudes toward rape victims. Sex Roles, 57, 889–895. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11199-007-9313-2 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stith, S. M., Smith, D. B., Penn, C. E., Ward, D. B., & Tritt, D. (2004). Intimate partner physical abuse perpetration and victimization risk factors: A meta-analytic review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 10(1), 65–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2003.09.001 Google Scholar
Ureña, J., Romera, E. M., Casas, J. A., Viejo, C., & Ortega-Ruiz, R. (2015). Psychometrics properties of psychological dating violence questionnaire: A study with young couples. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 15, 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijchp.2014.07.002 Google Scholar
Valor-Segura, I., Expósito, F., & Moya, M. (2008). Atribución del comportamiento del agresor y consejo a la víctima en un caso de violencia doméstica [Attribution of the perpetrator’s behavior and advice to the victim in an episode of domestic violence]. Revista de Psicología Social: International Journal of Social Psychology, 23, 171–180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1174/021347408784135896 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Viejo, C. (2014). Physical dating violence: Towards a comprehensible view of the phenomenon. Infancia y Aprendizaje, 37, 785–815.CrossRefGoogle Scholar