Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T20:42:16.718Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Validation of the Gratitude Questionnaire in Filipino Secondary School Students

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 October 2017

Jana Patricia M. Valdez ,
Weipeng Yang  and
Jesus Alfonso D. Datu
Jana Patricia M. Valdez
Affiliation:
The University of Hong Kong (China)
Weipeng Yang
Affiliation:
The University of Hong Kong (China)
Jesus Alfonso D. Datu*
Affiliation:
The University of Hong Kong (China)
*
*Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Jesus Alfonso D. Datu. Room 525. Meng Wah Complex. The University of Hong Kong. Hong Kong (China). E-mail: jess.datu@yahoo.com
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Most studies have assessed the psychometric properties of the Gratitude Questionnaire – Six-Item Form (GQ-6) in the Western contexts while very few research has been generated to explore the applicability of this scale in non-Western settings. To address this gap, the aim of the study was to examine the factorial validity and gender invariance of the Gratitude Questionnaire in the Philippines through a construct validation approach. There were 383 Filipino high school students who participated in the research. In terms of within-network construct validity, results of confirmatory factor analyses revealed that the five-item version of the questionnaire (GQ-5) had better fit compared to the original six-item version of the gratitude questionnaire. The scores from the GQ-5 also exhibited invariance across gender. Between-network construct validation showed that gratitude was associated with higher levels of academic achievement (β = .46, p <.001), autonomous motivation (β = .73, p <.001), and controlled motivation (β = .28, p <.01). Conversely, gratitude was linked to lower degree of amotivation (β = -.51, p <.001). Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Keywords

academic achievementgratitudemotivation
Type
Research Article
Information
The Spanish Journal of Psychology , Volume 20 , 2017 , E45
Copyright
Copyright © Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos de Madrid 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

How to cite this article:

Valdez, J. P. M., Yang, W., & Datu, J. A. D. (2017). Validation of the Gratitude Questionnaire in Filipino secondary school students. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 20. eXX. Doi:10.1017/sjp.2017.51

References

Byrne, B. M. (2001). Structural equation modeling with Amos: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum Google Scholar
Caleon, I. S., Wui, M. G. L., Tan, J. P. L., Chiam, C. L., Soon, T. C., & King, R. B. (2015). Cross-cultural validation of the Academic Motivation Scale: A Singapore investigation. Child Indicators Research, 8, 925–942. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-014-9298-7 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, F. F. (2007). Sensitivity of goodness of fit indexes to lack of measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling, 14, 464–504. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705510701301834 Google Scholar
Chen, L. H., & Kee, Y. H. (2008). Gratitude and adolescent athletes’ well-being. Social Indicators Research, 89, 361–373. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-008-9237-4 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, L. H., Chen, M.-Y., Kee, Y. H., & Tsai, Y.-M. (2009). Validation of the Gratitude Questionnaire (GQ) in Taiwanese undergraduate students. Journal of Happiness Studies, 10, 655–664. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-008-9112-7 Google Scholar
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd Ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Datu, J. A. D. (2014). Forgiveness, gratitude and subjective well-being among Filipino adolescents. International Journal for the Advancement of Counseling, 36, 262–273. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10447-013-9205-9 Google Scholar
Datu, J. A. D. (2015). Validating the revised self-construal scale in the Philippines. Current Psychology, 34, 626–633. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-014-9275-9 Google Scholar
Datu, J. A. D., & Mateo, N. J. (2015). Gratitude and life satisfaction among Filipino adolescents: The mediating role of meaning in life. International Journal for the Advancement of Counseling, 37, 198–206. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10447-015-9238-3 Google Scholar
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The ‘what’ and ‘why’ of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11, 227–268. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01 Google Scholar
Emmons, R. A., & McCullough, M. E. (2003). Counting blessings versus burdens: An experimental investigation of gratitude and subjective well-being in daily life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 377–389. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.84.2.377 Google Scholar
Finney, S. J., & DiStefano, C. (2006). Non-normal and categorical data in structural equation modeling. In Hancock, G. R. & Mueller, R. O. (Eds.), Structural equation modeling: A second course (pp. 269–314). Greenwich, CT: Information Age.Google Scholar
Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56, 218–226. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.218 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Froh, J. J., Emmons, R. A., Card, N. A., Bono, G., & Wilson, J. A. (2011a). Gratitude and the reduced costs of materialism in adolescents. Journal of Happiness Studies, 12, 289–302. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-010-9195-9 Google Scholar
Froh, J. J., Fan, J., Emmons, R. A., Bono, G., Huebner, E. S., & Watkins, P. (2011b). Measuring gratitude in youth: Assessing the psychometric properties of adult gratitude scales in children and adolescents. Psychological Assessment, 23, 311–324. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021590 Google Scholar
Froh, J. J., Sefick, W. J., & Emmons, R. A. (2008). Counting blessings in early adolescents: An experimental study of gratitude and subjective well-being. Journal of School Psychology, 46, 213–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2007.03.005 Google Scholar
Kashdan, T. B., Mishra, A., Breen, W. E., & Froh, J. J. (2009). Gender differences in gratitude: Examining appraisals, narratives, the willingness to express emotions, and changes in psychological needs. Journal of Personality, 77, 691–730. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2009.00562.x Google Scholar
King, R. B., Ganotice, F. A., & Watkins, D. A. (2012). Validation of the Chinese version of the sense of self (SOS) Scale. Asia Pacific Education Review, 13, 323–331. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-011-9195-4 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
King, R. B., & McInerney, D. M. (2014). Culture’s consequences on student motivation: Capturing cross-cultural universality and variability through personal investment theory. Educational Psychologist, 49, 175–198. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2014.926813 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Langer, A. I., Ulloa, V. G., Aguilar-Parra, J. M., Araya-Véliz, C., & Brito, G. (2016). Validation of a Spanish translation of the gratitude questionnaire (GQ-6) with Chilean sample of adults and high schoolers. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 14, 53. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-016-0450-6 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Martin, A. J. (2007). Examining a multidimensional model of student motivation and engagement using a construct validation approach. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 77, 413–440. https://doi.org/10.1348/000709906X118036 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McCullough, M. E., Emmons, R. A., & Tsang, J.-A. (2002). The grateful disposition: A conceptual and empirical topography. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 112–127. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.82.1.112 Google Scholar
Renshaw, T. L., & Steeves, R. M. O. (2016). What good is gratitude in youth and schools? A systematic review and meta-analysis of correlates and intervention outcomes. Psychology in the Schools, 53, 286–305. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.21903 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shahar, G., Henrich, C. C., Blatt, S. J., Ryan, R., & Little, T. D. (2003). Interpersonal relatedness, self-definition, and their motivational orientation during adolescence: A theoretical and empirical integration. Developmental Psychology, 39, 470–483. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.39.3.470 Google Scholar
Wood, A. M., Joseph, S., & Maltby, J. (2008). Gratitude uniquely predicts satisfaction with life: Incremental validity above the domains and facets of the five factor model. Personality and Individual Differences, 45, 49–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2008.02.019 Google Scholar
Wood, A. M., Joseph, S., & Maltby, J. (2009). Gratitude predicts psychological well-being above the big five facets. Personality and Individual Differences, 46, 443–447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2008.11.012 Google Scholar
Wood, A. M., Maltby, J., Gillett, R., Linley, P. A., & Joseph, S. (2008). The role of gratitude in the development of social support, stress, and depression: Two longitudinal studies. Journal of Research in Personality, 42, 854–871. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2007.11.003 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zeng, Y., Ling, Y., Huebner, E. S., He, Y., & Lei, X. (2017). The Psychometric properties of the 5-item gratitude questionnaire (GQ-5) in Chinese adolescents. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpm.12372 Google Scholar