Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-fbnjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T05:08:00.509Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Towards an Explanatory Model of Suicidal Ideation: The Effects of Cognitive Emotional Regulation Strategies, Affectivity and Hopelessness

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 November 2019

Pablo Ezequiel Flores-Kanter Open the ORCID record for Pablo Ezequiel Flores-Kanter [Opens in a new window] ,
Zoilo Emilio García-Batista ,
Luciana Sofía Moretti  and
Leonardo Adrián Medrano
Pablo Ezequiel Flores-Kanter*
Affiliation:
Universidad Siglo 21 (Argentina)
Zoilo Emilio García-Batista
Affiliation:
Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra (Dominican Republic)
Luciana Sofía Moretti
Affiliation:
Universidad Siglo 21 (Argentina)
Leonardo Adrián Medrano
Affiliation:
Universidad Siglo 21 (Argentina)
*
*Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Pablo Ezequiel Flores-Kanter. Secretaría de Investigación de la Universidad Siglo 21 5000 Córdoba (Argentina). E-mail: ezequielfk@gmail.com
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Suicide constitutes a public health problem that has a significant economic, social and psychological impact on a global scale. Recently, the American Psychological Association has indicated that suicide prevention should be a public health priority. Suicidal ideation appears as a key variable in suicide prevention. The objective of this research was to verify the adjustment of an explanatory model for suicidal ideation, which considers the effects of cognitive emotion regulation strategies, affectivity and hopelessness. An open mode on-line sample of 2,166 Argentine participants was used and a path analysis was carried out. The results make it possible to conclude that the model presents an optimal fit (χ2 = .10, p = .75, CFI = .99, RMSEA = .01) and predicts 42% of suicidal thoughts. The model proves to be invariant based on age and gender. In conclusion, there is an importance of reducing the use of automatic strategies, such as repetitive negative thoughts of ruminative type, and increasing the use of more controlled strategies, such as reinterpretation or planning.

Keywords

affectcognitive emotion regulationhopelessnesspath analysissuicidal ideation
Type
Research Article
Information
The Spanish Journal of Psychology , Volume 22 , 2019 , E43
Copyright
Copyright © Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos de Madrid 2019 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

How to cite this article:

Flores-Kanter, P. E., García-Batista, Z. E., Moretti, L. S., & Medrano, L. A. (2019). Towards an explanatory model of suicidal ideation: The effects of cognitive emotional regulation strategies, affectivity and hopelessness. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 22. e43. Doi:10.1017/sjp.2019.45

References

Aldao, A., Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Schweizer, S. (2010). Emotion-regulation strategies across psychopathology: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 30, 217–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2009.11.004CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
American Psychological Association (APA) (2017). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct. Washington, DC: Author.Google Scholar
American Psychological Association (APA) (June 18, 2018). APA calls suicide prevention a public health priority [Press Release]. Retrieved from APA website https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2018/06/suicide-prevention.aspxGoogle Scholar
Barredo, J., Aiken, E., van’t Wout-Frank, M., Greenberg, B. D., Carpenter, L. L., & Philip, N. S. (2019). Neuroimaging correlates of suicidality in decision-making circuits in posttraumatic stress disorder. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00044Google ScholarPubMed
Barrigón, M. L., & Baca-García, E. (2018). Retos actuales en la investigación en suicidio [Current challenges in research in suicide]. Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, 11(1), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpsm.2017.10.001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Braunstein, L. M., Gross, J. J., & Ochsner, K. N. (2017). Explicit and implicit emotion regulation: A multi-level framework. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 12(10), 1545–1557. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsx096CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beck, A. T., & Clark, D. A. (1997). An information processing model of anxiety: Automatic and strategic processes. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35(1), 49–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(96)00069-1Google ScholarPubMed
Beck, A. T., Rush, A. J., Shaw, B. F., & Emery, G. (2012). Terapia cognitiva de la depresión [Cognitive therapy of depression]. Bilbao, Spain: Desclée de Brower.Google Scholar
Bower, G. H., & Forgas, J. P. (2001). Mood and social memory. In Forgas, J. (Ed.), Handbook of affect and social cognition (pp. 95–120). New York, NY: Psychology Press.Google Scholar
Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS. Basic concepts, applications, and programming. New York, NY: Routledge.Google Scholar
Cheung, G. W., & Rensvold, R. B. (2002). Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 9(2), 233–255. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15328007sem0902_5Google Scholar
Clark, D. A., & Beck, A. T. (2012). Terapia cognitiva para los trastornos de ansiedad. Ciencia y práctica [Cognitive therapy of anxiety disorders. Science and practice]. Madrid, Spain: Desclée de Brouwer.Google Scholar
Cole, D. A., & Maxwell, S. E. (2003). Testing mediational models with longitudinal data: Questions and tips in the use of structural equation modeling. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 112(4), 558–577. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843x.112.4.558CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Denny, B. T., Silvers, J. A., & Ochsner, K. N. (2009). How we heal what we don’t want to feel. The functional neural architecture of emotion regulation. In Kring, A. M. & Sloan, D. M. (Eds.), Emotion regulation and psychopathology. A transdiagnostic approach to etiology and treatment (pp. 59–88). New York, NY: The Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Ellis, T. E. (2006). The study of cognition and suicide: Beginnings and developmental milestones. In Ellis, T. E. (Ed.), Cognition and suicide. Theory, research, and therapy (pp. 13–29). New York, NY: American Psychological Association.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ellis, T. E., & Rutherford, B. (2008). Cognition and suicide: Two decades of progress. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 1(1), 47–68. https://doi.org/10.1521/ijct.2008.1.1.47CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fernández Liporace, M., & Casullo, M. M. (2006). Validación factorial de una escala para evaluar riesgo suicida [Factorial validity of a scale to assess suicidal risk]. Revista iberoamericana de diagnóstico y evaluación psicológica, 21(1), 9–22.Google Scholar
Flores-Kanter, P. E. (2017). El lugar de la psicología en las investigaciones empíricas del suicidio en Argentina: Un estudio bibliométrico [State of psychological empirical research on suicide in Argentine: A bibliometric study]. Interdisciplinaria, 34(1). https://doi.org/10.16888/interd.2017.34.1.2Google Scholar
Flores-Kanter, P. E., Dominguez-Lara, S., Trógolo, M. A., & Medrano, L. A. (2018). Best practices in the use of bifactor models: Conceptual grounds, fit indices and complementary indicators. Revista Evaluar, 18(3), 44–48.Google Scholar
Flores-Kanter, P. E., & Medrano, L. A. (2016). El afecto y sus dimensiones: Contrastes de modelos ortogonales y oblicuos mediante análisis factorial confirmatorio de la escala PANAS [Affect and its dimensions: Models contrasted through confirmatory factor analysis of PANAS schedule]. LIBERABIT, 22(2), 173–184.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flores-Kanter, P. E., Medrano, L., & Conn, H. (2015). Does Mood Affect Self-Concept? Analysis through a Natural Semantic Networks Based Approach. International Journal of Behavioral Research & Psychology, 3(5), 114–120. https://doi.org/10.19070/2332-3000-1500022CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flores-Kanter, P. E., Medrano, L. A., & Manoiloff, M. L. (2015). Estados de ánimo y juicios de autoconcepto en universitarios: Análisis desde un abordaje basado en redes semánticas naturales [Moods and self-concept judgments in university students: An analysis approach based on natural semantic networks]. Interamerican Journal of Psychology, 48(3), 291–296.Google Scholar
Forkmann, T., Scherer, A., Böcker, M., Pawelzik, M., Gauggel, S., & Glaesmer, H. (2014). The relation of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression to suicidal ideation and suicidal desire. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 44(5), 524–536. https://doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12076CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Garnefski, N., & Kraaij, V. (2007). The cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire. Psychometric features and prospective relationships with depression and anxiety in adults. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 23(3), 141–149. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.23.3.141CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garnefski, N., Kraaij, V., & Spinhoven, P. (2001). Negative life events, cognitive emotion regulation and emotional problems. Personality and Individual Differences, 30(8), 1311–1327. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0191-8869(00)00113-6CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hasking, P., Boyes, M. E., Finlay-Jones, A., McEvoy, P. M., & Rees, C. S. (2018). Common pathways to NSSI and suicide ideation: The roles of rumination and self-compassion. Archives of Suicide Research, 23(2), 247–260. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2018.1468836CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hofmann, S. G., Ellard, K. K., & Siegle, G. J. (2012). Neurobiological correlates of cognitions in fear and anxiety: A cognitive-neurobiological information processing model. Cognition & Emotion, 26(2), 282–299. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2011.579414CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Holdaway, A. S., Luebbe, A. M., & Becker, S. P. (2018). Rumination in relation to suicide risk, ideation, and attempts: Exacerbation by poor sleep quality? Journal of Affective Disorders, 236, 6–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.04.087CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118Google Scholar
King, A. P., & Fresco, D. M. (2019). A neurobehavioral account for decentering as the salve for the distressed mind. Current Opinion in Psychology, 28 , 285–293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2019.02.009Google ScholarPubMed
Kiosses, D. N., Alexopoulos, G. S., Hajcak, G., Apfeldorf, W., Duberstein, P. R., Putrino, D., & Gross, J. J. (2018). Cognitive Reappraisal Intervention for Suicide Prevention (CRISP) for middle-aged and older adults hospitalized for suicidality. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 26(4), 494–503. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2017.11.009CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Khazaei, S., Armanmehr, V., Nematollahi, S., Rezaeian, S., & Khazaei, S. (2017). Suicide rate in relation to the Human Development Index and other health related factors: A global ecological study from 91 countries. Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health, 7(2), 131–134. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.jegh.2016.12.002CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kudinova, A. Y., Owens, M., Burkhouse, K. L., Barretto, K. M., Bonanno, G. A., & Gibb, B. E. (2016. Differences in emotion modulation using cognitive reappraisal in individuals with and without suicidal ideation: An ERP study. Cognition and Emotion, 30(5), 999–1007. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2015.1036841Google Scholar
Law, K. C., & Tucker, R. P. (2018). Repetitive negative thinking and suicide: A burgeoning literature with need for further exploration. Current Opinion in Psychology, 22, 68–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.08.027Google ScholarPubMed
Lei, M., & Lomax, R. G. (2005). The effect of varying degrees of nonnormality in structural equation modeling. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 12(1), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15328007sem1201_1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Medrano, L. A., Flores-Kanter, E., Moretti, L., & Pereno, G. L. (2016). Effects of induction of positive and negative emotional states on academic self-efficacy beliefs in college students. Psicología Educativa, 22(2), 135–141. . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pse.2015.03.003CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Medrano, L. A., Moretti, L., Ortiz, Á., & Pereno, G. L. (2013). Validación del Cuestionario de Regulación Emocional en universitarios de Córdoba. Psykhe, 22(1), 83–96. https://doi.org/10.7764/psykhe.22.1.473CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Medrano, L. A., Muñoz-Navarro, R., & Cano-Vindel, A. (2016). Procesos cognitivos y regulación emocional: Aportes desde una aproximación psicoevolucionista [Cognitive processes and emotion regulation: Contributions from a psycho-evolutionary approach]. Ansiedad y Estrés, 22, 47–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anyes.2016.11.001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, A. B., McLaughlin, K. A., Busso, D. S., Brueck, S., Peverill, M., & Sheridan, M. A. (2018). Neural correlates of emotion regulation and adolescent suicidal ideation. Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, 3(2), 125–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc.2017.08.008Google ScholarPubMed
Mikulic, I. M., Casullo, G. L., Crespi, M. C., & Marconi, A. (2009). Escala de Desesperanza BHS (A. Beck, 1974): Estudio de las propiedades psicométricas y baremización de la Adaptación Argentina [Beck Hopelessness Scale BHS (A. BECK, 1974): Psychometric study and standardization of Argentinian adaptation]. Anuario de Investigaciones, 16, 365–373.Google Scholar
Naghavi, M. (2019). Global, regional, and national burden of suicide mortality 1990 to 2016: Systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. BMJ, 364, l94. https://doi.org/doi:10.1136/bmj.l94CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Potthoff, S., Garnefski, N., Miklósi, M., Ubbiali, A., Domínguez-Sánchez, F. J., Costa Martins, E., & Kraaij, V. (2016). Cognitive emotion regulation and psychopathology across cultures: A comparison between six European countries. Personality and Individual Differences, 98, 218–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.04.022Google Scholar
Rodriguez, A., Reise, S. P., & Haviland, M. G. (2016). Evaluating bifactor models: Calculating and interpreting statistical indices. Psychological Methods, 21(2), 137–150. https://doi.org/10.1037/met0000045CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rodríguez-Ayán, M. N., & Ruiz-Díaz, M. A. (2008). Atenuación de la asimetría y de la curtosis de las puntuaciones observadas mediante transformaciones de variables: Incidencia sobre la estructura factorial [Attenuation of the asymmetry and kurtosis of the scores observed by means of variable transformations: Incidence on the factorial structure]. Psicológica, 29, 205–227.Google Scholar
Rogers, M. L., & Joiner, T. E. (2017). Rumination, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts: A meta-analytic review. Review of General Psychology, 21(2), 132–142. https://doi.org/10.1037/gpr0000101CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Savalei, V. (2008). Is the ML Chi-Square ever robust to nonnormality? A cautionary note with missing data. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 15(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705510701758091CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Selby, E. A., Anestis, M. D., & Joiner, T. E. (2008). Understanding the relationship between emotional and behavioral dysregulation: Emotional cascades. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46(5), 593–611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2008.02.002Google ScholarPubMed
Selby, E. A., Franklin, J., Carson-Wong, A., & Rizvi, S. L. (2013). Emotional cascades and self-injury: Investigating instability of rumination and negative emotion. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 69(12), 1213–1227. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.21966CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
The International Test Commission. (2006). International guidelines on computer-based and internet-delivered testing. International Journal of Testing, 6(2), 143–171. http://doi.org/10.1207/s15327574ijt0602_4CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weigold, A., Weigold, I. K., & Russell, E. J. (2013). Examination of the equivalence of self-report survey-based paper-and-pencil and internet data collection methods. Psychological Methods, 18(1), 53–70. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031607CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wenzel, A., & Beck, A. T. (2008). A cognitive model of suicidal behavior: Theory and treatment. Applied and Preventive Psychology, 12(4), 189–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appsy.2008.05.001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wenzel, A., Brown, G. K., & Beck, A. T. (2009). Cognitive for suicide therapy patients. Scientific and clinical applications. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wetherall, K., Cleare, S., Eschle, S., Ferguson, E., O’Connor, D. B., O’Carroll, R. E., & O’Connor, R. C. (2018). From ideation to action: Differentiating between those who think about suicide and those who attempt suicide in a national study of young adults. Journal of Affective Disorders, 241, 475–483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.07.074CrossRefGoogle Scholar
World Health Organization (2014). Preventing suicide. A global imperative. Geneva, Switzerland: Author.Google Scholar
World Health Organization (2018). Preventing suicide. A community engagement toolkit. Geneva, Switzerland: Author.Google Scholar