Published online by Cambridge University Press: 21 March 2016
In 1852 an American medium, Maria Hayden, crossed the Atlantic, landed in London and began offering séances in fashionable salons. From this point on, and certainly well into the twentieth century, spiritualism proved attractive to many. What spiritualism offered was, primarily, an extravagant claim: that it was possible for the living to communicate with the departed. By various means, people from all classes, religious traditions and geographical locations ‘tried’ the spirits, seeking to make contact with famous characters from history or departed family members. Spiritualism offered, sometimes, spectacular signs and wonders: flying furniture, levitating mediums and ghostly presences, all of which attracted the attention of journalists. Fashions for such signs came and went; the claim to communicate with the dead, however, remained at the heart of spiritualism.
1 It is usually acknowledged that modern spiritualism began in the home of the Fox family, in Hydesville, New York State, in 1848. For a good account, see McCabe, Joseph, Spiritualism: A Popular History from 1847 (London, 1920).Google Scholar
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3 This claim was made to the committee set up by the Archbishop of Canterbury examining spiritualism. See ‘Archbishop’s Committee on Spiritualism. Report of the Committee to the Archbishop of Canterbury’ (unpublished report, 1939), 6.
4 The Times, 15 March 1862.
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30 The president of the London Spiritualist Alliance in 1900, following a lecture by Hugh Haweis of St James, Marylebone, commented that finding clergy who were spiritual ists was not a novelty, although finding them proclaiming this in public was: Light, 5 May 1900.
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