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The New Opacities and B-Star Pulsations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 May 2016

W.A. Dziembowski
W.A. Dziembowski*
Affiliation:
Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland

Abstract

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Over thirty years ago Baker & Kippenhahn (1962) demonstrated that an instability driven by the opacity mechanism is the cause of Cepheid pulsations. Recently it has been shown that the same mechanism is responsible for oscillations observed in β Cephei, SPB and perhaps in other variable B-type stars. The search for the driving mechanism in hot stars began in the late sixties with no success until the opacities calculated with the OPAL code (Iglesias, Rogers and Wilson 1990, 1992) became available. The crucial new feature in the opacity is the local maximum at T ≈ 2 × 105 K caused by iron lines which was ignored in earlier calculations. Recently, stellar opacity data from an independent project (OP) became available (Seaton et al., 1993). The agreement between the two opacity data is satisfactory.

In B stars the opacity mechanism drives two distinct categories of normal modes. The one relevant to β Cep stars encompasses low order p- and g-modes with periods 0.1–0.3 d. The other includes high-order g-modes with periods ranging up above 4 d. Excitation of such modes may explain most of the slow variability observed in B stars. The theoretical instability domain in the H-R diagram is very sensitive to metal abundance. For the standard value of Z = 0.02, the total instability domain in the main sequence band extends from spectral type O9.5 to B9. In types later than B2 only high-order g-modes are unstable.

Type
1. Pulsation and Rotation
Information
Symposium - International Astronomical Union , Volume 162: Pulsation, Rotation and Mass Loss in Early-Type Stars , 1994 , pp. 55 - 66
Copyright
Copyright © Kluwer 1994 

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