Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-b95js Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-10T12:31:31.108Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

DSM–IV and ICSD–90 insomnia symptoms and sleep dissatisfaction

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 January 2018

Maurice M. Ohayon ,
Malijaï Caulet ,
Robert G. Priest  and
Christian Guilleminault
Maurice M. Ohayon*
Affiliation:
Centre de Recherche Philippe Pinel de Montréal, Montréal
Malijaï Caulet
Affiliation:
Centre de Recherche Philippe Pinel de Montréal, Montréal
Robert G. Priest
Affiliation:
University of London, Academic Department of Psychiatry, St Mary's Hospital, London, UK
Christian Guilleminault
Affiliation:
Stanford University School of Medicine, Sleep Disorders Center, Stanford, California, USA
*
Maurice M. Ohayon, Centre de Recherche Philippe Pinel de Montréal, 10905, boulevard Henri-Bourassa Est, Montréal (Québec) HIC IHI, Canada. 514-648-8461. Fax: 514-881-3701
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Background

The complex nature of insomnia and its relationship with organic and mental disorders render diagnosis problematic for epidemiologists and physicians.

Method

A representative UK sample (non-institutionalised, > 14 years old) was interviewed by telephone (n=4972; 79.6% participation rate) with the Sleep-EVAL system. Subjects fell into three groups according to presence of insomnia symptom (s) and/or sleep dissatisfaction.

Results

Insomnia symptoms occurred in 36.2% of subjects. Most of these (75.9%), however, reported no sleep dissatisfaction. In comparison, those also with sleep dissatisfaction had higher prevalence of sleep and mental disorders and longer duration of insomnia symptoms, and were more likely to take sleep-promoting medication, dread bedtime, and complain of light sleep, poor night-time sleep and daytime sleepiness.

Conclusions

Insomnia sufferers differ as to whether they are satisfied or dissatisfied with sleep. Although insomnia symptoms are common in the general population, sleep disturbances among sleep-dissatisfied individuals are more severe. Sleep dissatisfaction seems a better indicator of sleep pathology than insomnia symptoms.

Type
Papers
Information
The British Journal of Psychiatry , Volume 171 , Issue 4 , October 1997 , pp. 382 - 388
Copyright
Copyright © 1997 The Royal College of Psychiatrists 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

American Psychiatric Association (1994) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edn) (DSM–IV). Washington, DC: APA.Google Scholar
American Sleep Disorders Association: ASDA (1990) International Classification Of Steep Disorders: Diagnostic And Coding Manual (ICSD). Diagnostic Classification Steering Committee, Thorpy MJ, Chairman. Rochester, Minnesota.Google Scholar
Aqualino, W. S. (1992) Telephone versus face-to-face interviewing for household drug use survey. International Journal of Addictions, 27, 71–97 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bixler, E. O., Kales, A., Soldatos, C. R., et al (1979) Prevalence of sleep disorders in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. American Journal of Psychiatry, 136, 1257–1262.Google ScholarPubMed
Buysse, D. J., Reynold, C. F., Kupfer, D. J., et al (1994) Clinical diagnoses in 216 insomnia patients using the international classification of sleep disorders (ICSD), DSM–IV and ICD–10 categories: a report from the APA/NIMH DSM–IV field trial. Steep, 17, 630–637 Google ScholarPubMed
Carskadon, M. A. & Dement, W. C. (1981) Cumulative effects of sleep restriction on daytime sleepiness. Psychophysiology, 18, 107–113.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coleman, R. M., Roffwarg, H. P., Kennedy, S. J., et al (1982) Sleep – Wake disorders based on a Polysomnographie diagnosis: a national cooperative study. Journal of the American Medical Association, 247, 997–1103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DiPhillipo, M., Fry, J. M. & Goldberg, R. (1993) Characterization of patients with insufficient sleep syndrome. Steep Research, 22, 188.Google Scholar
Ford, D. E. & Kamerow, D. B. (1989) Epidemiologic study of sleep disturbances and psychiatric disorders. An opportunity for prevention? Journal of the American Medical Association, 262, 1479–1484.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gislason, T. & Aimqvist, M. (1987) Somatic diseases and sleep complaints. An epidemiologic study of 3201 Swedish men. Acta Medico Scandinavica, 221, 475–581.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Groves, R. M. & Kann, R. L. (1979) Surveys by Telephone: A National Comparison with Personal Interviews. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Horne, J. A. & Wilkinson, S. (1985) Chronic sleep reduction: daytime vigilance performance and EEG measures of sleepiness, with particular reference to practice effects. Psychophysiology, 22, 69–78.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hosmer, D. W. & Lemeshow, S. (1989) Applied Logistic Regression. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Kish, L. (1965) Survey Sampling. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Klink, M. & Quan, S. F. (1987) Prevalence of reported sleep disturbances in a general adult population and their relationship to obstructive airways diseases. Chest, 91, 540–546.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewis, G., Pelosi, A., Araya, R., et al (1992) Measuring psychiatric disorder in the community: a standardized assessment for use by lay interviewers. Psychological Medicine, 22, 465–486.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lugaresi, E., Cirignotta, F., Zucconi, M., et al (1983) Good and poor sleepers: an epidemiological survey of the San Marino population. In Sleep/Wake Disorders: Natural History, Epidemiology, and Long-Term Evolution (eds Guilleminault, C. & Lugaresi, E.), pp. 1–12. New York: Raven Press.Google Scholar
Mellinger, G. D., Balter, M. B. & Uhienhuth, E. H. (1985) Insomnia and its treatment. Prevalence and correlates. Archives of General Psychiatry, 42, 225–232.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mendelson, W. B., Garnett, D., Gillin, J. C., et al (1984) The experience of insomnia and daytime and nighttime functioning. Psychiatry Research, 12, 235–250.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ohayon, M. (1994a) Use of an expert system (Eval) in mental health epidemiological surveys. In Proceedings of the Twelfth International Congress on Medical Informatics (eds Barahona, P., Veloso, M. & Bryant, J.), pp. 174–179. Lisboa: MIE-94.Google Scholar
Ohayon, M. (1994b) Validation of a knowledge based system (Adinfer) versus human experts. In Proceedings of the Twelfth International Congress on Medical Informatics (eds Barahona, P., Veloso, M. & Bryant, J.), pp. 90–95. Lisboa: MIE-94.Google Scholar
Ohayon, M. (1996) Epidemiological study on insomnia in a general population. Sleep, 19, S7–S15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ohayon, M. & Caulet, M. (1992) Adinfer: experience of an expert system in psychiatry. In Medical Informatics (MEDINFO 92), (eds Lun, K. C., et al), pp. 615–619. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers.Google Scholar
Ohayon, M., Guilleminault, C., Priest, R. G., et al (1997) Snoring and breathing pauses during sleep: telephone interview survey of a United Kingdom population sample. British Medical Journal, 314, 860–863.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ohayon, M., Morselli, P. L. & Guilleminault, C. (1997) Prevalence of nightmares and its relationship to psycho pathology and daytime functioning in insomnia subjects. Sleep, 20, 340–348.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roehrs, T., Zorick, F., Sicklesteel, J., et al (1983) Excessive daytime sleepiness associated with insufficient sleep. Sleep, 6, 319–325.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schneider-Helmert, D. (1987) Twenty-four-hour sleep–wake function and personality patterns in chronic insomniacs and healthy controls. Sleep, 10, 452–462.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tan, T. L., Kales, J. D., Kales, A., et al (1984) Biopsychobehavioral correlates of insomnia, IV: Diagnosis based on DSM–III. American Journal of Psychiatry, 141, 357–362.Google ScholarPubMed
Thornberry, O. T. Jr & Masse, J. T. (1988) Trends in United States telephone coverage across time and subgroups. In Telephone Survey Methodology (eds Groves, R. M., Biemer, P. P., Lyberg, L. E., et al), pp. 25–50. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Welstein, L., Dement, W. C., Redington, D., et al (1983) Insomnia in the San Francisco Bay area: a telephone survey. In Sleep/Wake disorders: Natural History, Epidemiology, and Long-Term Evolution (eds Guilleminault, C. & Lugaresi, E.), pp. 29–35. New York: Raven Press.Google Scholar
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.