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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 25 April 2016
Astronomy can help, directly or indirectly, in the acquisition and creation of new technologies, in attracting young people to scientific careers, in providing a scientific education to the general public and in fostering international collaborations. These and other benefits of professional astronomy are critically reviewed in the context of countries which are facing urgent, basic needs. Several criteria are suggested for the best implementation of astronomy in developing countries and the most efficient collaboration with industrialized countries.