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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 February 2009
Although the results in this paper may appear to be novel, and are largely derived from sources newly opened up, in reality they are only the sequence of previous investigations. Long since there were published by me in the Journal of the Palestine Exploration Fund, and of the Anthropological Institute, and also in the Transactions of this Royal Historical Society, a list of place names. These tables showed the identity of the ancient names of cities in the Old World from India to Britain, and of those in the New World in wide regions.
page 134 note * Palestine Exploration Fund, New Series, iv., p. 193, &c., Khita and Khita Peruvian Epoch, pp. 57–61.
page 136 note * See my Prehistoric Comp. Philology.
page 141 note * See my paper hereafter referred to on the Ligurians, Aquitanians, and Belgians.
page 141 note † In the session of 1881–2 I read before the Royal Historical Society a paper on this subject, illustrated by the coins and by philological evidence.
page 143 note * “Prehistoric and Protohistoric Comparative Philology.” (Triibner), “Serpent and Siva Worship and Mythology.” (Trübner, 1876.)
page 143 note † “The Khita and Khita Peruvian Epoch,” by Hyde Clarke (Trübner, 1877), p. 69.
page 144 note * The Griffin appears to be the lion-winged, as Pegasus is the horse-winged.
page 144 note † It is possible (for it has a philological connexion with Die) that the application of the Vase is as a funeral urn or jar. On some appropriations of this, Mr. Walhouse's paper before the Anthropological Institute, 1881, will be found very interesting.
page 145 note * There is a stag on the coins of Ephesus.
page 147 note * The isolated observations of several scholars confirm these results. A paper of mine in the Athenceutn, and one read before the British Association at York, in 1881, on the non-Semitic origin of the Hebrew alphabet, and on its Canaanitic relations, and on the Cypriote syllabary, give detailed evidence in another direction.
page 148 note * As is natural to such languages, King= Lion and other animal names.
page 149 note * Society of Antiquaries, &c.
page 149 note † See Khita Epoch, in Transactions of Royal Historical Society.
page 149 note ‡ Compare such names as, Limyrica (= Limyra), Masalia (Massilia, &c), Muziris (Mazara, Mastaura, Amastris), Pityada (Peithusa, Pitane), Chalcitis (Chalcis [2], Chalcedon), Cottiara (Cotiaeum), Larici (Laricum, Larinum, Larissa[3]), Barygaza (Bargasa), Bastana (Byzantium, Pæstum, Phstus), Pattala (Pautalia, Petelia, Podalia), Coria, Carura (Carrh, Caura, Caronium, Carinæ, Corone, Carissa, Charisia), Caspira (Cyparissa, Cybistra, Cypsela, Cassope), Calliene (Colone, Calymna, Calynda, Calesj Callet, Callatia), Simylla (Simyra, Saminthus), Sora (Sora, Saralium, Sarala), Sagida (Segesta, Saguntum, Sacora), Sibi (Sibaria, Sabora), Ozone (zani).
page 150 note * See my Paper on Britannia, read before the Society of Antiquaries, 8 June, 1871.
page 150 note † See Cissa, &c., in the text.
page 152 note * The history of the colonization of the Syrian and Phosnician regions will be found to come out clearly.
page 153 note * Although an attempt is made here at a geographical arrangement, such is not wholly practicable. By accident Mesopotamia and Africa are brought together.
page 154 note * In this as in other cases the number of examples is limited in order to save space in printing. Therefore the connection of a group is never fully illustrated, nor its distribution.
page 154 note † The philological parallel to Grape is Bean, and they are mythologically connected.
page 156 note * The first syllable here may be Neos, Nea, but the Andria is illustrated by the symbols.
page 157 note * It will be noticed how rich the Troad is in these coins and forms. It was the Troad first taught me that its first inhabitants were non-Hellenic. It is in this fact, which preceded Schliemann's excavations, that the real relevance of his discoveries is to be found. They are practically non-Homeric, and the Iliad does not illustrate them. Pergamus is a name to be included here.
page 157 note † olis in this case does not represent a true ethnological or geo-graphical territory.
page 158 note * This name has two philological forms, and both are illustrated.
page 159 note * This form of name is most likely connected with Sumir, Sumerian.
page 160 note * It bears the inscription, “I am the sign of Phanes.”
page 161 note * Although this word has a Greek form, the symbol decides its relation.
page 161 note † Apollonia here appears to have nothing to do with Apollo.
page 162 note * As there have been many discussions about the Lycian language, it is interesting to see that Lycia was colonized by the same populations as the other regions.
page 164 note * As Cilicia is supposed by some to have been first peopled by Semites, it is of interest to find that this was not so.
page 164 note † Here is another example of a Greek form for an Iberian word. Eagle was not appropriated to Cleis by Greeks.
page 166 note * It is in Lydia we find Khita inscriptions and forms of dress resembling the Etruscan, according to the ancient tradition of common origin. The coins confirm this philologically and historically.
page 167 note * The form of this word suggests a Greek origin; but the root is the latter part, and the symbols are too numerous to leave any doubt.
page 167 note † Like the last example we have here evidence of the wide extension of the Iberian colonies.
page 168 note * Upon Thrace many discussions have taken place. The favoured notion is that the Thracians were Aryans, but this is settled by the plain facts, that they were not.
page 169 note * On the interesting question of the populations of these regions, we have to conclude that this coast of the Adriatic was also Iberian.
page 170 note * The name was afterwards changed to the Greek translation of gæ or gæ.
page 171 note * About Macedonia there is as little doubt as about Thessaly. The names of the early kings appear to be Iberian.
page 172 note * The emblem of the horse in Thessaly and Macedonia has nothing to do with Centaurs or the capacity of the region for horse-breeding. It is a simple relation of nomenclature.
page 172 note † See Note on Illyria.
page 174 note * The mythological contest between Pallas and Poseidon about the olive and the horse is evidently a late invention.
page 175 note * Now that we are in Arcadia, &c., we can test the conditions of the population among whom the Hellenes entered.
page 176 note * Query if this be a Greek form.
page 177 note * In this region the Wolf occurs as an emblem.
page 178 note * Crete is a world in itself.
page 181 note * The legend of Apollo had no more to do with Delos than with any other place which had the Sun for an emblem. This is only one form of word for the Sun.
page 182 note * The available coins of Etruria are not numerous, but they compare closely with those of Asia Minor.
page 186 note * Taras, the hero of this city, was purely imaginary.
page 187 note * In Lucania, as in Calabria, the Owl was a common emblem.
page 192 note * Tauromenium is not connected with Taurus.
page 192 note † Sicily is particularly rich in emblems.
page 193 note * See Observations in the paper on this name.
page 202 note * The Eburones are supposed to be Germans.
page 202 note † For Britain, see the text.