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Emergence Periodicity of Six Summer Annual Weed Species

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Grant H. Egley  and
Robert D. Williams
Grant H. Egley
Affiliation:
U.S. Dep. Agric. Res. Serv., South. Weed Sci. Lab., Stoneville, MS 38776, USDA-ARS, Water Quality and Watershed Res. Lab., Durant, OK 74702
Robert D. Williams
Affiliation:
U.S. Dep. Agric. Res. Serv., South. Weed Sci. Lab., Stoneville, MS 38776, USDA-ARS, Water Quality and Watershed Res. Lab., Durant, OK 74702
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Abstract

Emergence periodicity of common purslane, hemp sesbania, horse purslane, prickly sida, spurred anoda, and velvetleaf was determined from March to October during 5 yr at Stoneville, MS, in the absence of reseeding. In early March of each year prior to emergence determinations, plots were not tilled or tilled to depths of 0, 5, 10, or 15 cm. Yearly emergence periodicity of the six weed species was not affected by tillage. In each year, weeds of all species emerged in identifiable flushes and very few emerged at other times during the growing season. Velvetleaf emerged mainly during the early growing season from March through May. Peak periods of emergence for the other species varied slightly over the 5 yr, but conformed generally to the early or the midseason peak period (June, July, and August) or both. In most years, common purslane, horse purslane, hemp sesbania, prickly sida, and spurred anoda emerged during the midseason period. Annual patterns of temperature fluctuations were similar during the 5 yr, but relatively warm soil temperatures during the early growing season of 1977 may have caused earlier emergence of velvetleaf, prickly sida, and hemp sesbania. Weekly water balance (rainfall minus open-pan evaporation) varied during March through May of each year but was negative during each June, July, and August. Apparently the main effect of a positive water balance during most of the year was to cause merger of the early and midseason peak emergence periods in 1979. Early and midseason emergence peaks were possibly due to different populations of seeds able to germinate in cooler soil temperatures of the early season and warmer soil temperatures of the midseason, respectively.

Keywords

Glyphosate, N-(phosphonomethyl)glycinecommon purslane, Portulaca oleracea L. # POROLhemp sesbania, Sesbania exaltata (Raf.) Rydb. ex A. W. Hill # SEBEXhorse purslane, Trianthema portulacastrum L. # TRTPOprickly sida, Sida spinosa L. # SIDSPspurred anoda, Anoda cristata (L.) Schlecht. # ANVCRvelvetleaf, Abutilon theophrasti Medik. # ABUTHRainfallseed germinationsoil temperatureweed emergenceweed periodicityABUTHANVCRPOROLSEBEXSIDSPTRTPO
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 39 , Issue 4 , December 1991 , pp. 595 - 600
Copyright
Copyright © 1992 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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References

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