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Evaluating Effect of Degree of Water Stress on Growth and Fecundity of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Using Soil Moisture Sensors

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 October 2018

Parminder S. Chahal ,
Suat Irmak ,
Mithila Jugulam Open the ORCID record for Mithila Jugulam [Opens in a new window]  and
Amit J. Jhala Open the ORCID record for Amit J. Jhala [Opens in a new window]
Parminder S. Chahal
Affiliation:
Graduate Research Assistant, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
Suat Irmak
Affiliation:
Professor, Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
Mithila Jugulam
Affiliation:
Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
Amit J. Jhala*
Affiliation:
Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Amit J. Jhala, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583. (Email: Amit.Jhala@unl.edu)
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Abstract

Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) is the most problematic weed in agronomic crop production fields in the United States. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of degree of water stress on the growth and fecundity of A. palmeri using soil moisture sensors under greenhouse conditions. Two A. palmeri biotypes collected from Nebraska were grown in loam soil maintained at 100%, 75%, 50%, 25%, and 12.5% soil field capacity (FC) corresponding to no, light, moderate, high, and severe water stress levels, respectively. Water was regularly added to pots based on soil moisture levels detected by Watermark or Decagon 5TM sensors to maintain the desired water stress level. Amaranthus palmeri plants maintained at ≤25% FC did not survive more than 35 d after transplanting. Amaranthus palmeri at 100%, 75%, and 50% FC produced similar numbers of leaves (588 to 670 plant−1) based on model estimates; however, plants at 100% FC achieved a maximum height of 178 cm compared with 124 and 88 cm at 75% and 50% FC, respectively. The growth index (1.1×105 to 1.4×105 cm3 plant−1) and total leaf area (571 to 693 cm2 plant−1) were also similar at 100%, 75%, and 50% FC. Amaranthus palmeri produced similar root biomass (2.3 to 3 g plant−1) at 100%, 75%, and 50% FC compared with 0.6 to 0.7 g plant−1 at 25% and 12.5% FC, respectively. Seed production was greatest (42,000 seeds plant−1) at 100% FC compared with 75% and 50% FC (14,000 to 19,000 seeds plant−1); however, the cumulative seed germination was similar (38% to 46%) when mother plants were exposed to ≥50% FC. The results of this study show that A. palmeri can survive ≥50% FC continuous water stress conditions and can produce a significant number of seeds with no effect of on seed germination.

Keywords

Martin M. Williams II, USDA–ARSDecagondegree of water stressfield capacitymoisture sensorsseed production
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 66 , Issue 6 , November 2018 , pp. 738 - 745
Copyright
© Weed Science Society of America, 2018 

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