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The Impact of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds on Kansas Agriculture

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Dallas E. Peterson
Dallas E. Peterson*
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, E-mail: dpeterso@oz.oznet.ksu.edu
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Abstract

Herbicides are important components of weed management programs for most Kansas farmers. Monocropping systems and repeated use of the same or similar herbicides in some areas of the state have resulted in the development of herbicide-resistant weeds. The development of herbicide-resistant weed populations can have an immediate and a long-term effect on the cost, implementation, and effectiveness of weed control programs. In Kansas, resistance to triazine herbicides has been confirmed in kochia (Kochia scoparia), redroot pigweed, common waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis), Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri), and downy brome (Bromus tectorum) populations, and resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides has been confirmed in kochia, Russian thistle (Salsola kali), common waterhemp, Palmer amaranth, common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium), shattercane (Sorghum bicolor), and common sunflower (Helianthus annum). The frequency and distribution of herbicide resistance varies among species. Producers who experience herbicide resistance problems adjust their weed control program accordingly. Producers that have not encountered an herbicide resistance problem tend to continue with a successful herbicide program until it fails. The recommended management strategies for herbicide-resistant weed populations include an integrated system of crop rotation, rotation of herbicide modes of action, tank-mixes of herbicides with different modes of action, and cultivation. The greatest direct cost to the producer occurs during the first year of poor weed control. The first response to an herbicide failure often is to reapply the same herbicide that has worked well previously. By the time the producer realizes that the treatment is not going to work, it usually is too late for any other remedial action. Consequently, the farmer experiences reduced crop production from weed competition, high herbicide costs, and a tremendous increase in the seed bank. The increase in seed bank may cost the farmer the most in the long run because the increased weed pressure often requires an intensified control program for several years.

Keywords

Common cocklebur, Xanthium strumarium L. # XANSTcommon sunflower, Helianthus annuus L. # HELANcommon waterhemp, Amaranthus rudis Sauer # AMATAdowny brome, Bromus tectorum L. # BROTEkochia, Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. # KCHSCPalmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri S.Wats. # AMAPAshattercane, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench # SORVURussian thistle, Salsola kali L. # SASKAHerbicide resistanceweed resistanceseed bankALS, acetolactate synthase
Type
Symposium
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 13 , Issue 3 , September 1999 , pp. 632 - 635
Copyright
Copyright © 1999 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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References

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