Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-fbnjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-16T00:45:49.337Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Timing of Nitrogen Application Affects Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum) Growth in Winter Wheat

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Randy L. Anderson
Randy L. Anderson*
Affiliation:
Agric. Res. Serv., U.S. Dep. Agric., Akron, CO 80720
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Field studies were conducted to determine if varying the time N fertilizer was applied would affect downy brome interference in winter wheat. Five treatments were compared: four broadcast application times of NH4NO3 at 56 kg N ha-1 during the fallow-crop cycle: 1) during fallow; 2) at planting; 3) during crop dormancy; 4) before winter wheat jointing; and 5) a control where no N was applied. Downy brome was least responsive to N applied during fallow. All N applications during the growing season of winter wheat increased downy brome biomass and culms m-2. Downy brome interference prevented winter wheat from responding positively to N. For example, when crop season precipitation was only 70% of normal, applying N reduced grain yield of winter wheat infested with downy brome from 12 to 28%. This study indicates that N manipulation offers potential for reducing downy brome interference in winter wheat.

Keywords

Winter wheat, Triticum aestivum L. ‘Sandy’downy brome, Bromus tectorum L. ♯ BROTEYield componentsprecipitation effectcommunity yieldBROTE
Type
Research
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 5 , Issue 3 , September 1991 , pp. 582 - 585
Copyright
Copyright © 1991 Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Appleby, A. P., Olson, P. D., and Colbert, D. R. 1976. Winter wheat yield reduction from interference by Italian ryegrass. Agron. J. 68: 463–466.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2. Challaiah, , Burnside, O. C., Wicks, G. A., and Johnson, V. A. 1986. Competition between winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars and downy brome (Bromus tectorum). Weed Sci. 34:689–693.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3. Christensen, N. W., and Meints, V. W. 1982. Evaluating N fertilizer sources and timing for winter wheat. Agron. J. 74:840–844.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4. Eckert, R. E. Jr., and Evans, R. A. 1963. Responses of downy brome and crested wheatgrass to nitrogen and phosphorus in nutrient solution. Weeds 11:170–174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5. Froud-Williams, R. J. 1988. Changes in weed flora with different tillage and agronomic management systems. p. 213–236 in Altieri, M. A. and Liebman, M., eds. Weed Management in Agroecosystems: Ecological Approaches. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL.Google Scholar
6. Hulbert, L. C. 1955. Ecological studies of Bromus tectorum and other annual bromegrasses. Ecol. Monogr. 25:181–213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7. Klemmedson, J. O., and Smith, J. G. 1964. Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.). Bot. Rev. 30:226–262.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8. Miller, S. D. 1990. Integrated weed management in conservation tillage cropping systems. In Proc. Conservation Tillage Symposium. Great Plains Agric. Council Publ. 131:253–258.Google Scholar
9. Nieto, J. H., and Staniforth, D. W. 1961. Corn-foxtail competition under various production conditions. Agron. J. 53:1–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10. Patriquin, D. G. 1988. Weed control in organic farming systems. p. 303–317 in Altieri, M. A. and Liebman, M., eds. Weed Management in Agroecosystems: Ecological Approaches. CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton, FL.Google Scholar
11. Ramig, R. E., and Smika, D. E. 1964. Fallow-wheat sorghum: an excellent rotation for dryland in central Nebraska. Nebr. Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull. 483. 11 p.Google Scholar
12. Smika, D. E., and Grabouski, P. H. 1975. Manage fallow to boost wheat protein. Crops Soils Mag. 27:7–8.Google Scholar
13. Smika, D. E., and Grabouski, P. H. 1976. Anhydrous ammonia application during fallow for winter wheat production. Agron. J. 68:919–922.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14. Smith, R. J. Jr., and Shaw, W. C. 1966. Weeds and their control in rice production. U.S. Dep. Agric. Bull. 292. 64 p.Google Scholar
15. Thill, D. C., Beck, K. G., and Callihan, R. H. 1984. The biology of downy brome (Bromus tectorum). Weed Sci. 32, Suppl. 1:7–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16. Vaughan, B., Westfall, D. G., and Barbarick, K. A. 1990. Nitrogen rate and timing effects on winter wheat grain yield, grain protein, and economics. J. Prod. Agric. 3:324–328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17. Vaughan, B., Westfall, D. G., Barbarick, K. A., and Chapman, P. L. 1990. Spring nitrogen fertilizer recommendation models for dryland hard red winter wheat. Agron. J. 82:565–571.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18. Waldren, R. P., and Flowerday, A. D. 1979. Growth stages and distribution of dry matter, N, P, and K in winter wheat. Agron. J. 71: 391–397.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19. Walker, R. H., and Buchanan, G. A. 1982. Crop manipulation in integrated weed management systems. Weed Sci. 30, Suppl. 1:17–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20. Wicks, G. A. 1984. Integrated systems for control and management of downy brome (Bromus tectorum) in cropland. Weed Sci. 32, Suppl. 1: 26–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar