Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-mkpzs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T09:56:07.733Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Herbicide Control of Locoweeds: A Review

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Michael H. Ralphs  and
Darrell N. Ueckert
Michael H. Ralphs
Affiliation:
Agric. Res. Serv., U.S. Dep. Agric., Poisonous Plant Res. Lab., 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT 84321
Darrell N. Ueckert
Affiliation:
Range Res., Tex. Agric. Exp. Stn., San Angelo, TX 76901
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Locoweed poisoning of livestock is the most widespread poisonous plant problem in the western United States. This paper presents a historical review of control methods to reduce locoweed plant density. Hand grubbing, the most common method of control before phenoxy herbicides, was practical in small pastures considering the number of livestock saved. Trials in the 1950s indicated that 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T generally controlled locoweeds effectively if applied when plants were actively growing and soil moisture was not limiting plant growth. Picloram, dicamba, clopyralid, and triclopyr provide more consistent control than 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T when applied at less than optimum environmental conditions.

Keywords

Clopyralid, 3,6-dichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic aciddicamba, 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acidpicloram, 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acidtriclopyr, [(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl)oxy]acetic acid2,4-D, (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid2,4,5-T, (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acidlocoweed, Astragalus and Oxytropis spp.Poisonous plantslivestock poisoningAstragalus spp.Oxytropis spp.
Type
Research
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 2 , Issue 4 , October 1988 , pp. 460 - 465
Copyright
Copyright © 1988 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Alley, H. P. 1976. Research in weed science. Wyo. Agric. Exp. Stn. Res. J. 91R, p. 79–82.Google Scholar
2. Bohmont, D. W. 1952. Chemical control of poisonous range plants. Wyo. Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull. 313, p. 9–13.Google Scholar
3. Broquist, H. P. 1985. The indolizidine alkaloids, slaframine and swainsonine: contaminates in animal forages. Ann. Rev. Nutr. 5:391–409.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4. Butcher, J. E., Branson, F. A., Booth, W. E., and Warden, R. L. 1953. Loco—the taxonomy of the plants, a review of literature, and a report of current Montana research. Mont. Agric. Exp. Stn. Circ. 72.Google Scholar
5. Cronin, E. H., and Williams, M. C. 1964. Chemical control of timber milkvetch and effects on associated vegetation. Weeds 12:177–179.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6. Cronin, E. H., Williams, M. C., and Olsen, J. D. 1981. Toxicity and control of Kelsey milkvetch. J. Range Manage. 34:181–183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7. Freeman, M. R. 1980. Herbicidal control of woolly locoweed and garbancillo in the Davis Mountains of Texas. M.S. thesis. Sul Ross State Univ., Alpine, TX.Google Scholar
8. Freeman, M. R., Ueckert, D. N., and Nelson, J. T. 1982. Woolly locoweed and forage response to herbicides in west Texas. Tex. Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull. 1398.Google Scholar
9. James, L. F., Hartley, W. J., and Van Kampen, K. R. 1981. Syndromes of Astragalus poisoning in livestock. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 178:146–150.Google ScholarPubMed
10. James, L. F., Hartley, W. J., Van Kampen, K. R., and Nielsen, D. B. 1983. Relationship between ingestion of locoweed (Oxytropis sericea) and congestive right-sided heart failure in cattle. Am. J. Vet. Res. 44:254–259.Google ScholarPubMed
11. James, L. F., and Nielsen, D. B. 1987. Locoweeds: assessment of the problem on western U.S. rangelands. p. 171–180 in James, L. F., Ralphs, M. H., and Nielsen, D. B., eds. The Ecology and Economic Impact of Poisonous Plants on Livestock Production. Westview Press, Boulder, CO.Google Scholar
12. Marsh, C. D. 1909. The locoweed disease of the plains. USDA Anim. Ind. Bull. 112.Google Scholar
13. March, C. D., and Clawson, A. B. 1936. The locoweed disease. USDA Farmers Bull. 1054.Google Scholar
14. Molyneux, R. J., and James, L. F. 1982. Loco intoxication: indolizidine alkaloids of spotted locoweed (Astragalus lentiginosus). Science 216:190–191.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
15. Norris, J. J. 1951. The distribution and chemical control of species of Senecio, Astragalus and Baileya in the highlands range area of west Texas. Ph.D. dissertation, Texas. A & M Univ., College Station, TX.Google Scholar
16. Payne, G. H., and Warden, R. L. 1952. Chemical control of white loco. Mont. Agric. Exp. Stn. Mimeo. Cir. 65.Google Scholar
17. Ralphs, M. H., and Bagley, V. L. 1988. Population cycles of Wahweap milkvetch on the Henry Mountains and seed reserve in the soil. Great Basin Natur. (accepted).Google Scholar
18. Ralphs, M. H., and Cronin, E. H. 1987. Locoweed seed in soil: density, longevity, germination, and viability Weed Sci. 35:292–295.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19. Ralphs, M. H., Mickelsen, L. V., Turner, D. L., and Nielsen, D. B. 1988. Control of white locoweed (Oxytropis sericea). Weed Sci. 36:353–358.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20. Sperry, D. E., Dollahite, J. W., Hoffman, G. O., and Camp, B. J. 1964. Texas plants poisonous to livestock. Tex. Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull. 1028.Google Scholar
21. Ueckert, D. N. 1985. Management of selected poisonous plants on semiarid rangelands in west Texas with herbicides. p. 32–41 in Seawright, A. A., Hegarty, M. P., James, L. F., and Keeler, R. F., eds. Plant Toxicology. Queensland Poisonous Plant Comm., Queensland, Aust. Google Scholar
22. Williams, M. C., and Ralphs, M. H. 1988. Control of Wasatch milkvetch (Astragalus miser var. oblongifolius) on mountain range. Weed Technol. 2:(submitted).Google Scholar
23. Wolf, G. J., and Lance, W. R. 1984. Locoweed poisoning in a northern New Mexico elk herd. J. Range Manage. 37:59–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar