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Integrated Management Techniques for Long-Term Control of Giant Smutgrass (Sporobolus indicus var. pyramidalis) in Bahiagrass Pasture in Florida

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Neha Rana ,
Brent A. Sellers ,
Jason A. Ferrell ,
Gregory E. MacDonald ,
Maria L. Silveira  and
J. M. Vendramini
Neha Rana
Affiliation:
Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 3401 Experiment Station, Ona, FL 33865
Brent A. Sellers*
Affiliation:
Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 3401 Experiment Station, Ona, FL 33865
Jason A. Ferrell
Affiliation:
Agronomy Department, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110500, Gainesville, FL 32611
Gregory E. MacDonald
Affiliation:
Agronomy Department, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110500, Gainesville, FL 32611
Maria L. Silveira
Affiliation:
Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 3401 Experiment Station, Ona, FL 33865
J. M. Vendramini
Affiliation:
Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 3401 Experiment Station, Ona, FL 33865
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: sellersb@ufl.edu.
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Abstract

Smutgrass, a native of tropical Asia, is a perennial weed that affects many improved perennial grass pastures in Florida and throughout the southeastern United States. The two varieties of smutgrass predominant in Florida are small smutgrass and giant smutgrass. Three field experiments were conducted from 2008 to 2012 to evaluate the effect of integrated long-term management strategies using both cultural and herbicide inputs for giant smutgrass control in bahiagrass pastures. Burning did not have a significant impact on long-term control. In 2011, no differences were observed when hexazinone was integrated with tillage or hexazinone was combined with supplemental nitrogen compared with sequential or single applications of hexazinone. However, cultural treatments that preceded hexazinone application compared with those that received two sequential applications of hexazinone had lower smutgrass control 36 mo after treatment. Data indicate that a sequential application of hexazinone may be better than implementing tillage. Sequential hexazinone applications, when applied at 0.56 kg ai ha−1 or greater, resulted in similar or increased control as compared with single applications. Collectively, these data suggest that sequential applications of hexazinone may be most effective for smutgrass management, and cultural techniques, including tillage, should be followed by hexazinone application the following year.

Sporobulus indicus var. pyramidalis, una especie nativa de Asia tropical, es una maleza perenne que afecta a muchos pastos mejorados en Florida y a lo largo del sureste de los Estados Unidos. Las dos variedades de S. indicus predominantes en Florida son la pequeña y la gigante. Desde 2008 hasta 2012, se realizaron tres experimentos de campo para evaluar el efecto de estrategias de manejo integrado de largo plazo, usando herbicidas y prácticas culturales para el control de S. indicus gigante en el pasto Paspalum notatum. La quema no tuvo un impacto significativo en el control de largo plazo. En 2011, no se observaron diferencias cuando la aplicación de hexazinone fue integrada con labranza del suelo o cuando se combinó con la aplicación suplementaria de nitrógeno, al compararse con aplicaciones secuenciales o sencillas de hexazinone. Sin embargo, tratamientos culturales que precedieron la aplicación de hexazinone tuvieron menos control de poblaciones de S. indicus, 36 meses después del tratamiento, al compararse con tratamientos que recibieron dos aplicaciones secuenciales de hexazinone. Los datos indican que una aplicación secuencial de hexazinone podría ser mejor que el uso de labranza. Las aplicaciones secuenciales de hexazinone, cuando se aplicó a 0.56 kg ai ha−1 o más, resultaron en un control similar o mayor al compararse con aplicaciones sencillas. Colectivamente, estos datos sugieren que las aplicaciones secuenciales de hexazinone podrían ser más efectivas para el manejo de S. indicus, y las técnicas culturales, incluyendo la labranza, deberían ser seguidas por aplicaciones de hexazinone al año siguiente.

Keywords

Hexazinonesmutgrass, Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br. SPZINgiant smutgrass, Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br. var. pyramidalis (P. Beauv.) Veldkamp.bahiagrass, Paspalum notatum FlueggéBahiagrasscultural practiceshexazinonesequential applicationsmutgrass suppression
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 29 , Issue 3 , September 2015 , pp. 570 - 577
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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