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Quinclorac Efficacy as Affected by Adjuvants and Spray Carrier Water

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Zenon Woznica ,
John D. Nalewaja ,
Calvin G. Messersmith  and
Piotr Milkowski
Zenon Woznica
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105
John D. Nalewaja
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105
Calvin G. Messersmith*
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105
Piotr Milkowski
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: cal.messersmith@ndsu.nodak.edu
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Abstract

Laboratory and greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine quinclorac efficacy as influenced by surfactants, methylated seed oil (MSO), basic pH compounds, and salts in the spray carrier water. Quinclorac efficacy for green foxtail control generally increased with an increase in linear alcohol ethoxylate (LAE) surfactant carbon-chain length and percentage of ethoxylation. With LAE surfactants, quinclorac phytotoxicity to green foxtail was nearly doubled (average from 44 to 81%) when triethanolamine (TEA) was included in the spray mixture. Combination of LAE surfactants with TEA also enhanced quinclorac absorption. Enhancement of quinclorac absorption and phytotoxicity by LAE surfactants and TEA was related to spray deposits that had close contact with the cuticle and without apparent quinclorac crystals. Sodium and calcium ions strongly antagonized quinclorac efficacy when applied with a block copolymer surfactant or MSO. Ammonium sulfate or ammonium nitrate adjuvants were more effective than urea–ammonium nitrate liquid fertilizer in overcoming antagonism from salts in spray carrier waters. These results demonstrate the potential for maximizing quinclorac efficacy by careful selection of surfactants, nitrogen fertilizer, and basic pH additives.

Keywords

Quincloracgreen foxtail, Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv. # SETVIHerbicide absorptionnitrogen fertilizernonionic surfactantpHspray depositAMS, ammonium sulfateAN, ammonium nitrateDEA, diethanolamineEO, ethylene oxide chainLAE, linear alcohol ethoxylateMEA, monoethanolamineMSO, methylated seed oilTEA, triethanolamineUAN, urea–ammonium nitrate (28% N) liquid fertilizer
Type
Research
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 17 , Issue 3 , September 2003 , pp. 582 - 588
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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