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Rapid Diagnosis of Als/Ahas-Resistant Weeds

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

B. Clifford Gerwick ,
Linda C. Mireles  and
Robert J. Eilers
B. Clifford Gerwick
Affiliation:
DowElanco, 9410 Zionsville Road, P. O. Box 68955, Indianapolis, IN 46268-1053
Linda C. Mireles
Affiliation:
DowElanco, 9410 Zionsville Road, P. O. Box 68955, Indianapolis, IN 46268-1053
Robert J. Eilers
Affiliation:
DowElanco, 9410 Zionsville Road, P. O. Box 68955, Indianapolis, IN 46268-1053
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Abstract

A method to rapidly identify acetolactate synthase/acetohydroxyacid synthase (ALS/AHAS)-resistant weeds is described based upon the differential accumulation of acetoin in the presence and absence of an ALS/AHAS inhibitor herbicide. Acetoin accumulation is induced by inhibition of ketol-acid reductoisomerase (KARI), the enzyme immediately following ALS/AHAS in the biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acids. Inhibition of ALS/AHAS prevents the build up of acetoin and forms the basis for distinguishing between sensitive and resistant biotypes. A new inhibitor of KARI, 1,1-cyclopropanedicarboxylic acid (CPCA), is described and was found to cause acetoin accumulation in velvetleaf leaf disks over the concentration range of 2 to 100 000 μM. In the presence of CPCA, a number of species important to monitor for ALS/AHAS resistance were found to accumulate acetoin at rates sufficient for resistance diagnosis in 2 to 8 h. In velvetleaf, the youngest apical leaf was found to be the most active in acetoin accumulation. The resistance diagnosis method was validated by clearly distinguishing between imazaquin-sensitive and imazaquin-resistant cocklebur biotypes.

Keywords

Imazaquin, 2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-3-quinolinecarboxylic acidvelvetleaf, Abutilon theophrasti Medik. # ABUTHcocklebur, Xanthium strumarium L. # XANSTacetoin, 3-hydroxy-2-butanoneAcetolactate reductoisomeraseEC 4.1.3.18EC 1.1.1.86flumetsulamAbutilon theophrastiXanthium strumariumABUTHAMARECHEALSORVUXANST
Type
New Technology
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 7 , Issue 2 , June 1993 , pp. 519 - 524
Copyright
Copyright © 1993 Weed Science Society of America 

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References

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