Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-7cvxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T16:51:25.359Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Small Broomrape (Orobanche minor) and Egyptian Broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca) Parasitization of Red Clover (Trifolium pratense)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Ivan V. Morozov ,
Chester L. Foy  and
James H. Westwood
Ivan V. Morozov
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology, and Weed Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0331
Chester L. Foy*
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology, and Weed Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0331
James H. Westwood
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology, and Weed Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0331
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: cfoy@vt.edu.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Experiments were conducted to investigate the possibility that rhizobacterial nodulation in legumes influences parasitic attack by broomrape. Small broomrape (Orobanche minor), which is commonly associated with swellings of the host root, was studied on red clover (Trifolium pratense) in the presence or absence of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii inoculum and was compared to Egyptian broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca), which is not associated with host root swellings. Small broomrape showed greater percent seed germination and formed a greater number of attachments on red clover inoculated with rhizobacteria in comparison with noninoculated plants. In contrast, inoculum did not appear to enhance Egyptian broomrape seed germination or the number of its attachments on the host roots compared to noninoculated controls. In aseptic culture, the addition of Rhizobium increased the success of small broomrape in parasitizing clover but was not essential for parasitization. No rhizobacteria were detected in cultures derived from tubercles under septic or aseptic conditions. Morphological observations of small broomrape attachments on red clover suggest that parasitic attachments were not situated over the bacterial nodules but may involve parasite-induced protrusion of host plant root cortex. These results indicate that although rhizobacterial nodulation is not required for parasitization, the presence of nodules facilitates small broomrape germination and attachment to red clover.

Keywords

Egyptian broomrape, Orobanche aegyptiaca Pers. # ORAAEsmall broomrape, Orobanche minor Sm. # ORAMIred clover, Trifolium pratense L. # TRFPRinoculum culture, Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii.Parasitic weeds, nodulation, rhizobacteria, ORAAE, ORAMIDAT, days after transplantingGFFP, glass fiber filter paperPE, polyethyleneYMB, yeast–mannitol broth
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 14 , Issue 2 , June 2000 , pp. 312 - 320
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Abdel Halim, M. A., Amar, M. A., Hazem, A., and Abdel Hafeez, S. 1975. Contributions to the germination of Orobanche seeds with reference to root exudates of host. Ann. Agric. Sci. 20: 127–139.Google Scholar
Baccarini, A. and Melandri, B. A. 1967. Studies on Orobanche hederae physiology: pigments and CO2 fixation. Physiol. Plant. 20: 245–250.Google Scholar
Baker, E. R., Scholes, J. D., Press, M. C., and Quick, W. P. 1995. Effects of the holoparasite Orobanche aegyptiaca on the growth and photosynthesis of its tomato host. Asp. Appl. Biol. 42: 141–148.Google Scholar
Berry, A. M. and Sunell, L. A. 1990. The infection process in nodule development. In Schwintzer, C. R. and Tjepkema, J. D., eds. The Biology of Frankia and Actinorhizal Plants. San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 61–81.Google Scholar
Callaham, D. A. and Torrey, J. G. 1981. The structural basis of infection of root hairs of Trifolium repens by Rhizobium . Can. J. Bot. 59: 1647–1664.Google Scholar
Cubero, J. I. 1973. Resistance to O. crenata in Vicia faba . Proceedings of the European Weed Research Council Symposium on Parasitic Weeds. Wageningen, The Netherlands: Malta University Press, EWRC. pp. 205–217.Google Scholar
Foy, C. L., Jain, R., and Jacobsohn, R. 1989. Recent approaches for chemical control of broomrape (Orobanche spp.). Rev. Weed Sci. 4: 123–152.Google Scholar
Franssen, H. J., Vijn, I., Yang, W. C., and Bisseling, T. 1992. Developmental aspects of the Rhizobium-legume symbiosis. Plant Mol. Biol. 19: 89–107.Google Scholar
Hirsch, A. M. 1992. Developmental biology of legume nodulation. New Phy-tol. 122: 211–237.Google Scholar
Hoagland, D. R. and Arnon, D. I. 1950. The Water Culture Method for Growing Plants Without Soil. Berkeley, CA: University of California, California Agricultural Experiment Station Circ. 347. 32 p.Google Scholar
Jain, R. and Foy, C. L. 1987. Influence of various nutrients and growth regulators on germination and parasitism of Orobanche aegyptiaca . In Weber, H. Chr. and Forstreuter, W., eds. Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Parasitic Flowering Plants, Marburg, Germany, Philipps-Universität. pp. 427–436.Google Scholar
Johnson, A. W., Roseberry, G., and Parker, C. 1976. A novel approach to Striga and Orobanche control using synthetic germination stimulants. Weed Res. 16: 223–227.Google Scholar
Kasasian, L. 1973. Miscellaneous observations on the biology of Orobanche crenata and O. aegyptiaca . Proceedings of the European Weed Research Council, Symposium on Parasitic Weeds. Wageningen, The Netherlands: Malta University Press. pp. 68–75.Google Scholar
Long, S. R. 1996. Rhizobium symbiosis: nod factors in perspective. Plant Cell. 8: 1885–1898.Google Scholar
Parker, C. and Riches, C. R. 1993. Parasitic Weeds of the World: Biology and Control. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. 332 p.Google Scholar
Pawlowski, K. and Bisseling, T. 1996. Rhizobial and actinorhizal symbioses: what are shared features? Plant Cell. 8: 1899–1913.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Petzoldt, K. 1979. Bacterial nodules of Rhizobium leguminosarum and Orobanche crenata germination and penetration on broadbeans with an integrated control program. In Musselman, L. J., Worsham, A. D., and Eplee, R. E., eds. Proceedings of the Second Symposium on Parasitic Weeds. Raleigh, NC: North Carolina State University. pp. 260–268.Google Scholar
Saghir, A. R. 1986. Dormancy and germination of Orobanche seeds in relation to control methods. In ter Borg, S. J., ed. Proceedings of the Workshop on Biology and Control of Orobanche . LH/VPO, Wageningen, The Netherlands. pp. 25–34.Google Scholar
Saghir, A. R., Foy, C. L., and Hameed, K. M. 1973. Herbicide effects on parasitism of tomato by hemp broomrape. Weed Sci. 21: 253–258.Google Scholar
[SAS] Statistical Analysis Systems. 1989. The SAS System for Windows. Version 6.12. Cary, NC: Statistical Analysis Systems Institute. 849 p.Google Scholar
Schmitt, U., Schluter, K., and Boorsma, P. A. 1979. Chemical control of Orobanche crenata in broad beans. FAO Plant Prot. Bull. 27: 88–91.Google Scholar
Somasegaran, P. and Hoben, H. J. 1994. Handbook for Rhizobia: Methods in Legume-Rhizobium Technology. New York: Springer-Verlag. 450 p.Google Scholar
Stewart, G. R. and Press, M. C. 1990. The physiology and biochemistry of parasitic angiosperms. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 41: 127–151.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Spronsen, P. C., van Brussel, A.A.N., and Kijn, J. W. 1994. Nod factors produced by Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae induce ethylenerelated changes in root cortical cells of Vicia sativa spp. nigra . Eur. J. Biol. 68: 463–469.Google Scholar
Vance, C. P., Egli, M. A., Griffith, S. M., and Miller, S. S. 1988. Plant regulated aspects of nodulation and N2 fixation. Plant Cell Environ. 11: 413–427.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Westwood, J. H. and Foy, C. L. 1999. Influence of nitrogen on germination and early development of broomrape (Orobanche spp). Weed Sci. 47: 2–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zahran, M. K. 1982. Control of parasitic plants (broomrape and dodder) in different crops in Egypt. Agricultural Research Program, Final Technical Report PL 480. Agricultural Research Centre, Cairo. 52 p.Google Scholar