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Switchgrass and Prairie Cordgrass Response to Foliar- and Soil-Applied Herbicides

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Eric K. Anderson ,
Aaron G. Hager ,
Thomas B. Voigt  and
D.K. Lee
Eric K. Anderson
Affiliation:
Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
Aaron G. Hager
Affiliation:
Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
Thomas B. Voigt
Affiliation:
Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
D.K. Lee*
Affiliation:
Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: leedk@illinois.edu.
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Abstract

Perennial grasses are expected to comprise a substantial portion of the lignocellulosic biomass to meet renewable energy mandates in the U.S. in the next decade. As many warm-season grasses are slow to establish from seed, plantings are often compromised by weed interference during the establishment year. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the tolerance of switchgrass and prairie cordgrass to several herbicides applied PRE or POST (at four different growth stages). Preemergence atrazine at rates ≤ 1.684 kg ai ha−1 in switchgrass and quinclorac at rates ≤ 0.279 kg ai ha−1 in prairie cordgrass did not significantly reduce emergence, plant height, or biomass yield 8 wk after treatment. When treatments were applied at the two- to three-leaf stage, only atrazine (≤ 0.123 kg ai ha−1) did not reduce switchgrass fresh weight and only 2,4-D ester (≤ 0.533 kg ae ha−1), nicosulfuron (0.018 kg ai ha−1), and quinclorac (0.140 kg ha−1) did not significantly reduce prairie cordgrass yield. Phytotoxic effects decreased for all herbicides with increasing growth stage at the time of treatment for both species. All evaluated herbicides were safe with respect to biomass yield on the respective grasses when applied at the latest growth stage (approximately five-leaf stage). These results show that viable PRE and POST herbicides are available for weed control during establishment of switchgrass and prairie cordgrass; however, all evaluated herbicides would likely reduce biomass yield in a mixture planting of both grasses.

Se espera que las gramíneas perennes representen una porción sustancial de la biomasa lignocelulósica para cumplir con los mandatos de energías renovables en los Estados Unidos en la próxima década. Debido a que muchos de las gramíneas de clima cálido tienen un establecimiento lento a partir de semilla, las plantaciones están frecuentemente en riesgo debido a la interferencia de malezas durante el año de establecimiento. Se realizaron experimentos de invernadero para determinar la tolerancia de Panicum virgatum y de Spartina pectinata a varios herbicidas aplicados PRE o POST (en cuatro estadios de crecimiento diferentes). Atrazine en preemergencia a dosis ≤ 1.684 kg ai ha−1 en P. virgatum y quinclorac a dosis ≤ 0.279 kg ai ha−1 en S. pectinata no redujeron significativamente la emergencia, la altura de planta, ni el rendimiento de biomasa 8 semanas después del tratamiento. Cuando los tratamientos fueron aplicados en los estadios de dos a tres hojas, solamente atrazine (≤ 0.123 kg ai ha−1) no redujo el peso seco de P. virgatum y solamente 2,4-D ester (≤ 0.533 kg ae ha−1), nicosulfuron (0.018 kg ai ha−1), y quinclorac (0.140 kg ai ha−1) no redujeron significativamente el rendimiento de S. pectinata. Los efectos fitotóxicos disminuyeron para todos los herbicidas con el aumento en el estadio de crecimiento al momento del tratamiento para ambas especies. Todos los herbicidas evaluados fueron seguros con respecto al rendimiento de biomasa en las respectivas gramíneas cuando se aplicó en el estadio de crecimiento más tardío (aproximadamente estadio de 5-hojas). Estos resultados muestran que herbicidas PRE y POST viables están disponibles para el control de malezas durante el establecimiento de P. virgatum y S. pectinata. Sin embargo, todos los herbicidas evaluados probablemente reducirán el rendimiento de biomasa en una siembra mixta con ambas gramíneas.

Keywords

2,4-D esteratrazinenicosulfuronquincloracprairie cordgrass, Spartina pectinata Linkswitchgrass, Panicum virgatum L.Bioenergy feedstockestablishmentherbicide injuryherbicide tolerancelignocellulosic biomass
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 28 , Issue 4 , December 2014 , pp. 633 - 645
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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