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Weed-Competitive Ability of Spring and Winter Cereals in the Northern Great Plains

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Brian L. Beres ,
K. Neil Harker ,
George W. Clayton ,
Eric Bremer ,
Robert E. Blackshaw  and
Robert J. Graf
Brian L. Beres*
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1J 4B1
K. Neil Harker
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, Lacombe, Alberta, Canada T4L 1W1
George W. Clayton
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1J 4B1
Eric Bremer
Affiliation:
Symbio Ag Consulting, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1K 2B5
Robert E. Blackshaw
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1J 4B1
Robert J. Graf
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1J 4B1
*
Corresponding authors's E-mail: brian.beres@agr.gc.ca.
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Abstract

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The inclusion of winter cereals in spring-annual rotations in the northern Great Plains may reduce weed populations and herbicide requirements. A broad range of spring and winter cereals were compared for ability to suppress weeds and maximize grain yield at Lacombe (2002 to 2005) and Lethbridge (2003 to 2005), Alberta, Canada. High seeding rates (≥ 400 seeds/m2) were used in all years to maximize crop competitive ability. Spring cereals achieved high crop-plant densities (> 250 plants/m2) at most sites, but winter cereals had lower plant densities due to winterkill, particularly at Lethbridge in 2004. All winter cereals and spring barley were highly effective at reducing weed biomass at Lacombe for the first 3 yr of the study. Weed suppression was less consistently affected by winter cereals in the last year at Lacombe and at Lethbridge, primarily due to poor winter survival. Grain yields were highest for spring triticale and least for spring wheat at Lacombe, with winter cereals intermediate. At Lethbridge, winter cereals had higher grain yields in 2003 whereas spring cereals had higher yields in 2004 and 2005. Winter cereals were generally more effective at suppressing weed growth than spring cereals if a good crop stand was established, but overlap in weed-competitive ability among cultivars was considerable. This information will be used to enhance the sustainable production of winter and spring cereals in traditional and nontraditional agro-ecological zones.

La inclusión de cereales invernales en rotaciones anuales de primavera en el norte de los Grandes Llanos, quizás reduzca las poblaciones de maleza y los requerimientos de herbicida. Un amplio rango de cereales de primavera e invierno se compararon por su habilidad para suprimir la maleza y maximizar el rendimiento del grano en Lacombe (de 2002 a 2005) y en Lethbridge (de 2003 a 2005), ambos lugares en Alberta. Altas densidades de siembra (≥ 400 semillas/m2) se usaron en todos los años para maximizar la habilidad competitiva del cultivo. Los cereales de primavera alcanzaron altas densidades de plantas (≥ 250 plantas/m2) en la mayoría de los sitios, pero los cereales de invierno tuvieron una densidad de plantas menor debido a las heladas, particularmente en Lethbridge en 2004. En Lacombe, durante los primeros tres años del estudio, todos los cereales de invierno y la cebada de primavera fueron altamente efectivos para reducir la biomasa de la maleza. El último año en Lacombe y Lethbridge, la supresión de maleza fue poco afectada por los cereales de invierno debido principalmente a su pobre sobrevivencia invernal. En Lacombe, los rendimientos de grano fueron mayores para el triticale de primavera y menores para el trigo de primavera; los cereales de invierno resultaron con producciones intermedias. En Lethbridge, los cereales de invierno tuvieron un mejor rendimiento de grano en 2003, mientras que los cereales de primavera lo tuvieron en 2004 y 2005. Los cereales de invierno fueron generalmente más efectivos para suprimir el crecimiento de la maleza que los cereales de primavera, siempre y cuando se haya logrado un buen establecimiento; sin embargo, el traslape en la habilidad competitiva de la maleza entre cultivares, fue considerable. Esta información podrá usarse para mejorar la producción sustentable de cereales de invierno y primavera en zonas agro-ecológicas tradicionales y no tradicionales.

Keywords

BarleyHordeum vulgare L.triticale× Triticosecale WwheatTriticum aestivum L.Crop rotationcultural weed controlintegrated weed managementwheatbarleytriticalerye
Type
Weed Management—Major Crops
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 24 , Issue 2 , June 2010 , pp. 108 - 116
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BY
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America

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