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Role of cytosine-phosphate-guanosine-Oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODNs) as adjuvant in poultry vaccines

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 July 2018

M. USMAN ISHAQ ,
A. RAFIQUE ,
H.M.N. CHEEMA ,
M. UMER ASHRAF ,
S.U. RAHMAN ,
R. ZAHID ABBAS  and
M. SHAHID MAHMOOD
M. USMAN ISHAQ
Affiliation:
Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
A. RAFIQUE
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, GC University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
H.M.N. CHEEMA
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
M. UMER ASHRAF
Affiliation:
Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
S.U. RAHMAN
Affiliation:
Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
R. ZAHID ABBAS
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
M. SHAHID MAHMOOD*
Affiliation:
Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
*
Corresponding author: shahiduaf@gmail.com
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Abstract

Oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing cytosine-phosphate-guanosine sequence (CpG) is considered as an immune stimulator when it is fed to animals. These synthetic molecules mount different immune responses in the animals including mice, chickens, ducks, dogs and horses. CpG ODNs induce specific antigenic immunity against co-administered vaccines and are well tolerated in healthy individuals and are capable of stimulating toll-like receptors (TLRs) such as TLR-9 to activate innate immunity. The CpG ODNs can be used as an adjuvant in different vaccines synthesised specifically for poultry diseases caused by viruses and bacteria. In chickens, CpG ODNs stimulate TLRs involved in humoral immunity. CpG ODNs have been used as mucosal vaccine adjuvants against several pathogens, including avian influenza and Newcastle disease. The CpG ODNs function to protect the chickens from Newcastle disease by producing plasma dendric cells (pDCs) which ultimately produce interferons (INFs). The inoculation of CpG ODNs along with the cationic microparticles and DNA vaccine for infectious bursal disease virus result in the influx of T cells and a reduction of antigen load. When CpG ODNs are used against avian leucosis, they result in significantly higher antibody titres. In many other vaccines e.g., infectious laryngotracheitis, infectious bronchitis, herpes, viral enteritis, Marek's disease virus, E. coli and Salmonella spp. including CpG ODNs exhibit immunostimulatory effects. In conclusion, CpG ODNs may be used as effective adjuvants in viral, bacterial and parasitic vaccines in poultry.

Keywords

TLRPAMPCpG ODNscytokinesadjuvantTNFINF
Type
Review
Information
World's Poultry Science Journal , Volume 74 , Issue 3 , September 2018 , pp. 453 - 462
Copyright
Copyright © World's Poultry Science Association 2018 

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