Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-j824f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-14T09:31:54.353Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

MANAGING MARGINS: OVERDESIGN IN HOSPITAL BUILDING SERVICES

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 June 2020

D. A. Jones*
Affiliation:
The Open University, United Kingdom
C. Eckert
Affiliation:
The Open University, United Kingdom
P. Garthwaite
Affiliation:
The Open University, United Kingdom

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The capacity of building services in many hospitals exceeds the requirements by significant amounts. Oversizing of building services has a direct impact on building efficiency and operational costs, ultimately impacting upon patient care, by diverting much needed funding. A key factor leading to the oversizing is the excessive and uncoordinated application of design margins across various project stages. Based on a hospital case study, this paper analyses the reasons for the overdesign of a replacement cooling system and raises the importance of managing margins activity to avoid overdesign.

Type
Article
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NCCreative Common License - ND
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is unaltered and is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use or in order to create a derivative work.
Copyright
The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

References

Bacon, M. (2014), “Occupancy Analytics: A New Basis for Low-Energy–low-Carbon Hospital Design and Operation in the UK”, Architectural Engineering and Design Management, Vol. 10 No. 1-2, pp. 146163. https://doi.org/10.1080/17452007.2013.837254CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Banerjee, P. and de Weck, O. (2004), “Flexibility Strategy – Valuing Flexible Product Options”, Proceedings of INCOSE/ICSE conference on synergy between systems engineering and project management, Las Vegas, Nevada.Google Scholar
BSRIA (2007), A Guide to HVAC Building Services Calculations, 2nd ed., BSRIA, Berkshire.Google Scholar
Bownass, D. (2001), Building services Design Methodology, A Practical Guide, SPON Press, London. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203478707Google Scholar
Chen, C. and Crilly, N. (2014), “Modularity, Redundancy and Degeneracy: Cross-Domain Perspectives on Key Design Principles”, 8th Annual IEEE Systems Conference (SysCon), Ottawa, Canada, IEEE, pp. 546553. https://doi.org/10.1109/syscon.2014.6819309CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers. (2006), Guide A – Environmental Design (7th edition), CIBSE, London. ISBN-13: 978-1-903287-66-8Google Scholar
Crozier, B. (2000), Enhancing the Performance of Oversized Plant (AG 1/2000), BSRIA, Berkshire.Google Scholar
de Neufville, R. et al. (2004), “Uncertainty Management for Engineering Systems Planning and Design”, Engineering Systems Symposium, March 2931, 2004.Google Scholar
Djunaedy, E. et al. (2011), “Oversizing of HVAC System: Signatures and Penalties”, Energy and Buildings, Vol. 43 No. 2-3, pp. 468475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2010.10.011CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dieter, G.E. (1989), Mechanical metallurgy, SI Metric Edition. McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Eckert, C.M. et al. (2013), “Components margins through the product lifecycle”, In IFIP International Conference on Product Lifecycle Management, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 3947. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41501-2_5CrossRefGoogle Scholar
International Atomic Energy Agency (1986), General design safety principles for nuclear power plants: a safety guide, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna.Google Scholar
Jones, D.A. and Eckert, C.M. (2016), “Design Margins: ‘Impact on Building Energy Performance’”, Proceedings of the DESIGN 2016/14th International Design Conference, The Design Society, Glasgow, pp. 12951304.Google Scholar
Jones, D. and Eckert, C.M. (2017), “Overdesign in Building Services: The Hidden Energy Use”, In: Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED17), Vol. 1: Resource-Sensitive Design Design Research Applications and Case Studies, Design Society, Vancouver, Canada.Google Scholar
Jones, D.A., Eckert, C.M. and Gericke, K. (2018), “Margins Leading to Over-capacity”, Proceedings of the DESIGN 2018/15th International Design Conference, The Design Society, Glasgow, pp. 781792. https://doi.org/10.21278/idc.2018.0520CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, D.A. and Eckert, C.M. (2019), “Empowering Decision Makers to Avoid the Oversizing of Building Service Systems”, in Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED19), Delft, The Netherlands, 5-8 August 2019. https://doi.org/10.1017/dsi.2019.119CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, et al. (2015), “Risks in Energy Performance Contracting (EPC)”, Energy and Buildings, Vol. 92 No. 2015, pp. 116127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.01.054CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mo¨ller, N. and Hansson, S.O. (2008), “Principles of engineering safety: Risk and uncertainty reduction” , Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Vol. 93 No. 6, pp. 776783. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2007.03.031CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oughton, D. and Wilson, A. (2015), Faber and Kell's Heating and air-conditioning of buildings, 11th ed., Taylor and Francis Group, Oxford.Google Scholar
Peeters, L. et al. (2008), “Control of Heating Systems in Residential Buildings: Current Practice”, Energy and Buildings, Vol. 40 No. 8, pp. 14461455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2008.02.016CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Race, G.L. (2007), Design Checks for HVAC – A Quality Control Framework, 2nd ed., BSRIA, Berkshire.Google Scholar
Ross, A.M. and Hastings, D.E. (2005), “The tradespace exploration paradigm”, INCOSE International Symposium, Vol. 15 No. 1, pp. 17061718. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2334-5837.2005.tb00783.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stratmann, J. (2006), Engineering Management of Early Stage Warship Design, [PhD thesis], University of Southampton.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tackett, M.W., Mattson, C.A. and Ferguson, S.M. (2014), “A Model for Quantifying System Evolvability Based on Excess and Capacity”, Journal of Mechanical Design, Vol. 136 No. 5, p. 051002. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4026648CrossRefGoogle Scholar