The complete amino acid sequence of the lectin
KM+ from Artocarpus integrifolia (jackfruit),
which contains 149 residues/mol, is reported and compared
to those of other members of the Moraceae family, particularly
that of jacalin, also from jackfruit, with which it shares
52% sequence identity. KM+ presents an acetyl-blocked N-terminus
and is not posttranslationally modified by proteolytic
cleavage as is the case for jacalin. Rather, it possesses
a short, glycine-rich linker that unites the regions homologous
to the α- and β-chains of jacalin. The results
of homology modeling implicate the linker sequence in sterically
impeding rotation of the side chain of Asp141 within the
binding site pocket. As a consequence, the aspartic acid
is locked into a conformation adequate only for the recognition
of equatorial hydroxyl groups on the C4 epimeric center
(α-d-mannose, α-d-glucose, and
their derivatives). In contrast, the internal cleavage
of the jacalin chain permits free rotation of the homologous
aspartic acid, rendering it capable of accepting hydrogen
bonds from both possible hydroxyl configurations on C4.
We suggest that, together with direct recognition of epimeric
hydroxyls and the steric exclusion of disfavored ligands,
conformational restriction of the lectin should be considered
to be a new mechanism by which selectivity may be built
into carbohydrate binding sites. Jacalin and KM+ adopt
the β-prism fold already observed in two unrelated
protein families. Despite presenting little or no sequence
similarity, an analysis of the β-prism reveals a canonical
feature repeatedly present in all such structures, which
is based on six largely hydrophobic residues within a β-hairpin
containing two classic-type β-bulges. We suggest the
term β-prism motif to describe this feature.