For many years, there have been conducting research (e.g., by Bergelson, Furstenberg, Kojman, Kubiś, Shelah, Szeptycki, Weiss) into sequentially compact spaces that are, in a sense, topological counterparts of some combinatorial theorems, for instance, Ramsey’s theorem for coloring graphs, Hindman’s finite sums theorem, and van der Waerden’s arithmetical progressions theorem. These spaces are defined with the aid of different kinds of convergences: IP-convergence, R-convergence, and ordinary convergence.

The first aim of this paper is to present a unified approach to these various types of convergences and spaces. Then, using this unified approach, we prove some general theorems about existence of the considered spaces and show that all results obtained so far in this subject can be derived from our theorems.

The second aim of this paper is to obtain new results about the specific types of these spaces. For instance, we construct a Hausdorff Hindman space that is not an $\mathcal {I}_{1/n}$-space and a Hausdorff differentially compact space that is not Hindman. Moreover, we compare Ramsey spaces with other types of spaces. For instance, we construct a Ramsey space that is not Hindman and a Hindman space that is not Ramsey.

The last aim of this paper is to provide a characterization that shows when there exists a space of one considered type that is not of the other kind. This characterization is expressed in purely combinatorial manner with the aid of the so-called Katětov order that has been extensively examined for many years so far.

This paper may interest the general audience of mathematicians as the results we obtain are on the intersection of topology, combinatorics, set theory, and number theory.

I provide simplified proofs for each of the following fundamental theorems regarding selection principles:

1. (1) The Quasinormal Convergence Theorem, due to the author and Zdomskyy, asserting that a certain, important property of the space of continuous functions on a space is actually preserved by Borel images of that space.

2. (2) The Scheepers Diagram Last Theorem, due to Peng, completing all provable implications in the diagram.

3. (3) The Menger Game Theorem, due to Telgársky, determining when Bob has a winning strategy in the game version of Menger’s covering property.

4. (4) A lower bound on the additivity of Rothberger’s covering property, due to Carlson.

The simplified proofs lead to several new results.

A diagonal version of the strong reflection principle is introduced, along with fragments of this principle associated with arbitrary forcing classes. The relationships between the resulting principles and related principles, such as the corresponding forcing axioms and the corresponding fragments of the strong reflection principle, are analyzed, and consequences are presented. Some of these consequences are “exact” versions of diagonal stationary reflection principles of sets of ordinals. We also separate some of these diagonal strong reflection principles from related axioms.

We construct a nonseparable Banach space $\mathcal {X}$ (actually, of density continuum) such that any uncountable subset $\mathcal {Y}$ of the unit sphere of $\mathcal {X}$ contains uncountably many points distant by less than $1$ (in fact, by less then $1-\varepsilon $ for some $\varepsilon>0$). This solves in the negative the central problem of the search for a nonseparable version of Kottman’s theorem which so far has produced many deep positive results for special classes of Banach spaces and has related the global properties of the spaces to the distances between points of uncountable subsets of the unit sphere. The property of our space is strong enough to imply that it contains neither an uncountable Auerbach system nor an uncountable equilateral set. The space is a strictly convex renorming of the Johnson–Lindenstrauss space induced by an $\mathbb {R}$-embeddable almost disjoint family of subsets of $\mathbb {N}$. We also show that this special feature of the almost disjoint family is essential to obtain the above properties.

We describe an organizing framework for the study of infinitary combinatorics. This framework is Čech cohomology. It describes ZFC principles distinguishing among the ordinals of the form $\omega _n$ . More precisely, this framework correlates each $\omega _n$ with an $(n+1)$ -dimensional generalization of Todorcevic’s walks technique, and begins to account for that technique’s “unreasonable effectiveness” on $\omega _1$ .

We show in contrast that on higher cardinals $\kappa $ , the existence of these principles is frequently independent of the ZFC axioms. Finally, we detail implications of these phenomena for the computation of strong homology groups and higher derived limits, deriving independence results in algebraic topology and homological algebra, respectively, in the process.

Abstract prepared by Jeffrey Bergfalk.

E-mail: jeffrey.bergfalk@univie.ac.at

For given Boolean algebras $\mathbb {A}$ and $\mathbb {B}$ we endow the space $\mathcal {H}(\mathbb {A},\mathbb {B})$ of all Boolean homomorphisms from $\mathbb {A}$ to $\mathbb {B}$ with various topologies and study convergence properties of sequences in $\mathcal {H}(\mathbb {A},\mathbb {B})$ . We are in particular interested in the situation when $\mathbb {B}$ is a measure algebra as in this case we obtain a natural tool for studying topological convergence properties of sequences of ultrafilters on $\mathbb {A}$ in random extensions of the set-theoretical universe. This appears to have strong connections with Dow and Fremlin’s result stating that there are Efimov spaces in the random model. We also investigate relations between topologies on $\mathcal {H}(\mathbb {A},\mathbb {B})$ for a Boolean algebra $\mathbb {B}$ carrying a strictly positive measure and convergence properties of sequences of measures on $\mathbb {A}$ .

A subset of the Cantor cube is null-additive if its algebraic sum with any null set is null. We construct a set of cardinality continuum such that: all continuous images of the set into the Cantor cube are null-additive, it contains a homeomorphic copy of a set that is not null-additive, and it has the property $\unicode{x3b3} $ , a strong combinatorial covering property. We also construct a nontrivial subset of the Cantor cube with the property $\unicode{x3b3} $ that is not null additive. Set-theoretic assumptions used in our constructions are far milder than used earlier by Galvin–Miller and Bartoszyński–Recław, to obtain sets with analogous properties. We also consider products of Sierpiński sets in the context of combinatorial covering properties.

In 1988, Sibe Mardešić and Andrei Prasolov isolated an inverse system $\textbf {A}$ with the property that the additivity of strong homology on any class of spaces which includes the closed subsets of Euclidean space would entail that $\lim ^n\textbf {A}$ (the nth derived limit of $\textbf {A}$ ) vanishes for every $n>0$ . Since that time, the question of whether it is consistent with the $\mathsf {ZFC}$ axioms that $\lim ^n \textbf {A}=0$ for every $n>0$ has remained open. It remains possible as well that this condition in fact implies that strong homology is additive on the category of metric spaces.

We show that assuming the existence of a weakly compact cardinal, it is indeed consistent with the $\mathsf {ZFC}$ axioms that $\lim ^n \textbf {A}=0$ for all $n>0$ . We show this via a finite-support iteration of Hechler forcings which is of weakly compact length. More precisely, we show that in any forcing extension by this iteration, a condition equivalent to $\lim ^n\textbf {A}=0$ will hold for each $n>0$ . This condition is of interest in its own right; namely, it is the triviality of every coherent n-dimensional family of certain specified sorts of partial functions $\mathbb {N}^2\to \mathbb {Z}$ which are indexed in turn by n-tuples of functions $f:\mathbb {N}\to \mathbb {N}$ . The triviality and coherence in question here generalise the classical and well-studied case of $n=1$ .

We prove that Voiculescu’s noncommutative version of the Weyl-von Neumann Theorem can be extended to all unital, separably representable $\mathrm {C}^\ast $ -algebras whose density character is strictly smaller than the (uncountable) cardinal invariant $\mathfrak {p}$ . We show moreover that Voiculescu’s Theorem consistently fails for $\mathrm {C}^\ast $ -algebras of larger density character.

In this paper, we consider a notion of nonmeasurablity with respect to Marczewski and Marczewski-like tree ideals $s_0$ , $m_0$ , $l_0$ , $cl_0$ , $h_0,$ and $ch_0$ . We show that there exists a subset of the Baire space $\omega ^\omega ,$ which is s-, l-, and m-nonmeasurable that forms a dominating m.e.d. family. We investigate a notion of ${\mathbb {T}}$ -Bernstein sets—sets which intersect but do not contain any body of any tree from a given family of trees ${\mathbb {T}}$ . We also obtain a result on ${\mathcal {I}}$ -Luzin sets, namely, we prove that if ${\mathfrak {c}}$ is a regular cardinal, then the algebraic sum (considered on the real line ${\mathbb {R}}$ ) of a generalized Luzin set and a generalized Sierpiński set belongs to $s_0, m_0$ , $l_0,$ and $cl_0$ .

Almost all set theorists pay at least lip service to Cantor’s definition of a set as a collection of many things into one whole; but empty and singleton sets do not fit with it. Adapting Dana Scott’s axiomatization of the cumulative theory of types, we present a ‘Cantorian’ system which excludes these anomalous sets. We investigate the consequences of their omission, examining their claim to a place on grounds of convenience, and asking whether their absence is an obstacle to the theory’s ability to represent ordered pairs or to support the arithmetization of analysis or the development of the theory of cardinals and ordinals.

In 1981, Takeuti introduced quantum set theory by constructing a model of set theory based on quantum logic represented by the lattice of closed linear subspaces of a Hilbert space in a manner analogous to Boolean-valued models of set theory, and showed that appropriate counterparts of the axioms of Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory with the axiom of choice (ZFC) hold in the model. In this paper, we aim at unifying Takeuti’s model with Boolean-valued models by constructing models based on general complete orthomodular lattices, and generalizing the transfer principle in Boolean-valued models, which asserts that every theorem in ZFC set theory holds in the models, to a general form holding in every orthomodular-valued model. One of the central problems in this program is the well-known arbitrariness in choosing a binary operation for implication. To clarify what properties are required to obtain the generalized transfer principle, we introduce a class of binary operations extending the implication on Boolean logic, called generalized implications, including even nonpolynomially definable operations. We study the properties of those operations in detail and show that all of them admit the generalized transfer principle. Moreover, we determine all the polynomially definable operations for which the generalized transfer principle holds. This result allows us to abandon the Sasaki arrow originally assumed for Takeuti’s model and leads to a much more flexible approach to quantum set theory.

We answer two questions of Hindman, Steprāns, and Strauss; namely, we prove that every strongly summable ultrafilter on an abelian group is sparse and has the trivial sums property. Moreover, we show that in most cases the sparseness of the given ultrafilter is a consequence of its being isomorphic to a union ultrafilter. However, this does not happen in all cases; we also construct (assuming Martin's Axiom for countable partial orders, i.e., $\operatorname{cov}\left( \text{M} \right)=\mathfrak{c})$, a strongly summable ultrafilter on the Boolean group that is not additively isomorphic to any union ultrafilter.

We investigate Talagrand’s construction of an exhaustive pathological submeasure. We consider the forcing associated with this submeasure and we also begin an effort to explicitly describe this construction.

For $S\,\subseteq \,{{\mathbb{R}}^{n}}$ a set $C\,\subseteq \,S$ is an $m$-clique if the convex hull of no $m$-element subset of $C$ is contained in $S$. We show that there is essentially just one way to construct a closed set $S\,\subseteq \,{{\mathbb{R}}^{2}}$ without an uncountable 3-clique that is not the union of countably many convex sets. In particular, all such sets have the same convexity number; that is, they require the same number of convex subsets to cover them. The main result follows from an analysis of the convex structure of closed sets in ${{\mathbb{R}}^{2}}$ without uncountable 3-cliques in terms of clopen, ${{P}_{4}}$-free graphs on Polish spaces.

Criteria are obtained for a filter ${\cal F}$ of subsets of a set I to be an intersection of finitely many ultrafilters, respectively, finitely many κ-complete ultrafilters for a given uncountable cardinal $\kappa .$ From these, general results are deduced concerning homomorphisms on infinite direct product groups, which yield quick proofs of some results in the literature: the Łoś–Eda theorem (characterizing homomorphisms from a not-necessarily-countable direct product of modules to a slender module), and some results of Nahlus and the author on homomorphisms on infinite direct products of not-necessarily-associative k-algebras. The same tools allow other results of Nahlus and the author to be nontrivially strengthened, and yield an analog to one of their results, with nonabelian groups taking the place of k-algebras.

We briefly examine the question of how the common technique used in applying the general results of this note to k-algebras on the one hand, and to nonabelian groups on the other, might be extended to more general varieties of algebras in the sense of universal algebra.

In a final section, the Erdős–Kaplansky theorem on dimensions of vector spaces ${D^I}$$(D$ a division ring) is extended to reduced products ${D^I}/{\cal F},$ and an application is noted.

We extend the scope of B. Shapirovskii's results on the order of $\pi $-bases in compact spaces and answer some questions of V. Tkachuk.

let $r$ be a ring and $t$ a 1-tilting right $r$-module. then $t$ is of countable type. moreover, $t$ is of finite type in the case where $r$ is a prüfer domain.

By blending techniques from set theory and algebraic topology we investigate the order of any homeomorphism of the nth power of the long ray or long line L having finite order, finding all possible orders when n = 1, 2, 3 or 4 in the first case and when n = 1 or 2 in the second. We also show that all finite powers of L are acyclic with respect to Alexander-Spanier cohomology.