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2 results

  • 17 - Animals as Means of Military Experimentation

  • from Part III - The Protection of Animals in Specific Situations
  • Edited by Anne Peters, Jérôme de Hemptinne, Robert Kolb, Université de Genève
  • Book:
    Animals in the International Law of Armed Conflict
    Published online:
    06 October 2022
    Print publication:
    06 October 2022, pp 294-310

  • Summary

    The chapter casts light on the emerging body of law applicable to military experiments on animals. It first shows that these experiments are a large-scale phenomenon, not only because of the number of animals affected by them but also due to harm and suffering inflicted on these animals. It proceeds by providing an overview of two main sets of legal rules that are of relevance in this field: national legal acts and international treaties or other rules of international law. Whereas these rules are primarily designed for civil research, they apply – or could apply – to military experiments as well. Based on the analysis of these two sets of rules, the chapter identifies the main parameters of the gradually emerging legal rules on military experiments on animals, focusing on their scope of application, their content and on the legal consequences of violations.

  • Advantages of 3D Printing for Circular Economy and Its Influence on Designers

  • Y. Chen
  • Journal:
    Proceedings of the Design Society / Volume 2 / May 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    26 May 2022, pp. 991-1000
    • Article
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  • Based on the theoretical research of 3D printing and circular economy, combined with case studies, this paper analyzes the advantages of 3D printing in realizing circular economy and its influence on designers from the perspectives of “reduce”, “reuse”, “recycle” and distributed manufacturing. As a technological innovation, 3D printing not only promoted the transformation from linear economy to circular economy, but also had a certain impact on the role and skills of traditional designers.