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We consider bifurcation of solutions from a given trivial branch for a class of strongly indefinite elliptic systems via the spectral flow. Our main results establish bifurcation invariants that can be obtained from the coefficients of the systems without using explicit solutions of their linearizations at the given branch. Our constructions are based on a comparison principle for the spectral flow and a generalization of a bifurcation theorem due to Szulkin.

We study the gap (= “projection norm” = “graph distance”) topology of the space of all (not necessarily bounded) self-adjoint Fredholm operators in a separable Hilbert space by the Cayley transform and direct methods. In particular, we show the surprising result that this space is connected in contrast to the bounded case. Moreover, we present a rigorous definition of spectral flow of a path of such operators (actually alternative but mutually equivalent definitions) and prove the homotopy invariance. As an example, we discuss operator curves on manifolds with boundary.

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Spectral flow and bifurcation for a class of strongly indefinite elliptic systems

Unbounded Fredholm Operators and Spectral Flow

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Spectral flow and bifurcation for a class of strongly indefinite elliptic systems

Unbounded Fredholm Operators and Spectral Flow