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4 results

Wittgenstein on Music

Wittgenstein on Music
  • Eran Guter
  • Published online:
    04 March 2024
    Print publication:
    11 April 2024
  • In this Element, the author set out to answer a twofold question concerning the importance of music to Wittgenstein's philosophical progression and the otherness of this sort of philosophical importance vis-à-vis philosophy of music as practiced today in the analytic tradition. The author starts with the idea of making music together and with Wittgenstein's master simile of language-as-music. The author traces these themes as they play out in Wittgenstein early, middle, and later periods. The author argues that Wittgenstein's overarching reorientation of the concept of depth pertaining to music in the aftermath of his anthropological turn, and against the backdrop of the outlook of German Romanticism, culminates in his unique view of musical profundity as 'knowledge of people.' This sets Wittgenstein's view in sharp contrast with certain convictions and debates that typify current analytically inclined philosophy of music.

  • 2 - Knowing a word

  • I. S. P. Nation, Victoria University of Wellington
  • Book:
    Learning Vocabulary in Another Language
    Published online:
    02 June 2022
    Print publication:
    09 June 2022, pp 49-92

  • Summary

    Words are not isolated units of the language but fit into many related systems. Because of this, there are many things to know about any particular word and there are many degrees of knowing. The aims of this chapter are to examine what could be known about a word, to evaluate the relative importance of the various kinds of knowledge, to see how they are related to each other, and to broadly suggest how learners might gain this knowledge. The chapter also looks at the learning burden of words, that is, what needs to be learned for each word and what is predictable from previous knowledge. The chapter is based on the division of what it means to know a word into nine aspects of knowledge – spoken form, written form, word parts, form–meaning connection, concepts, associations, grammatical functions, collocations, and constraints on use. The chapter concludes with the description of a model of vocabulary learning.

  • The logical problem of the incarnation: a new solution

  • Joshua R. Sijuwade
  • Journal:
    Religious Studies / Volume 59 / Issue 2 / June 2023
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    23 May 2022, pp. 202-222
    Print publication:
    June 2023
    • Article
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  • This article aims to provide a new solution to the Logical Problem of the Incarnation by proposing a novel metaphysical reconstrual of the method of reduplicative predication. This reconstrual will be grounded upon the metaphysical thesis of ‘Ontological Pluralism, proposed by Kris McDaniel and Jason Turner, and the notion of an ‘aspect’ proposed by Donald L. M. Baxter. Utilising this thesis and notion will enable the method of reduplicative predication to be further clarified, and the central objection that is often raised against this approach can be successfully answered.

  • Endovascular Thrombectomy for Low ASPECTS Large Vessel Occlusion Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

  • Jose Danilo B. Diestro, Adam A. Dmytriw, Gabriel Broocks, Karen Chen, Joshua A. Hirsch, Andre Kemmling, Kevin Phan, Aditya Bharatha
  • Journal:
    Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Volume 47 / Issue 5 / September 2020
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    17 April 2020, pp. 612-619
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  • Background:

    The current American Heart Association guidelines for acute ischemic stroke reserve Grade 1A recommendation for the use of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for patients with an Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (ASPECTS) of ≥6.

    Objective:

    We aim to determine the safety and efficacy of EVT for large vessel occlusion ischemic stroke patients with low ASPECTS (5 or less).

    Methods:

    Medline, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for studies appraising the outcomes of EVT for low ASPECTS ischemic stroke. A meta-analysis of proportions compared the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing EVT and those receiving best medical therapy only.

    Results:

    Nine studies (1,196 patients) were included. There was a trend (p = 0.11) toward a higher rate of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) in the EVT group (9.2%; 95% CI 6.1–13.6; I2 53.37%) compared to the medical group (5.5%; 95% CI 3.7–8.1; I2 0%). There was no difference (p = 0.41) in the pooled 90-day mortality of EVT patients (30.7%; 95% CI 21.7–41.5; I2 84.23%) and medical patients (36.6%; 95% CI 26.4–48.1; I2 76.2%). EVT patients had better (p = 0.001) 90-day outcomes, with 27.7% (95% CI 21.8–34.5; I2 62.08%) of patients attaining a modified Rankin Scale of 0–2 compared to only 3.7% (95% CI 2.3–5.9; I2 87.21%) in the medical group.

    Conclusions:

    This meta-analysis demonstrates a trend in higher sICH among low ASPECTS patients undergoing EVT. Despite this, a significant proportion of this subset of patients still achieved good functional outcomes at 90 days. Randomized trials are necessary to substantiate this result as significant bias is inherent in the observational studies included in this review.