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  • 18a - Christianity, a.d. 70–192

  • from PART VI - RELIGION, CULTURE AND SOCIETY
  • Edited by Alan Bowman, Brasenose College, Oxford, Averil Cameron, Keble College, Oxford, Peter Garnsey, University of Cambridge
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Ancient History
    Published online:
    28 March 2008
    Print publication:
    08 September 2005, pp 573-588

  • Summary

    It may have been in Syria that Lucian first encountered Christianity; for not only was he a native of that province, but he says that it was in Syria that the Cynic Peregrinus formed a temporary alliance with the church. Appealing to Greek philosophy in support of Christian teachings, Theophilus produced a learned demonstration that the Pentateuch is superior in antiquity to the literature of Greece. Among the numerous apostolic churches of the Troad Ephesus had the strongest claim on Paul and also purported to house the tombs of John the Apostle and the Virgin Mary. The consumption of pagan offerings is now treated as a heresy, since the idols had been fed with the blood of Christians. Remains of Christianity in Phrygia are prolific, the most famous being the epitaph of Abercius Marcellus. The writings of Paul and Clement show that Greek was the earliest language of the Christians in the capital.