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Todd Downing (Choctaw), John Joseph Mathews (Osage), John Milton Oskison (Cherokee), Lynn Riggs (Cherokee), and Will Rogers (Cherokee) developed a transindigenous and transborder imaginary while travelling in Mexico in the 1920s and 1930s. The work of Riggs and Downing especially coheres in their conception of Indigenous Mexicans as political inspiration for (and, potentially, anti-colonial allies of) Native Americans, and in their critical challenge to modernist aesthetics, including primitivism. With its recent history of revolution, a new constitution with an article sanctioning land redistribution from large haciendas to communally owned ejidos, and a national commitment to indigenismo and mestizaje, which appeared to affirm the centrality of Indigenous Mexican culture and history to the nation’s identity, Mexico offered fertile political ground for American Indian writers looking for a path forward for their tribal nations in the final years of the assimilation era and the first years of the Indian New Deal in the mid-1930s.
The oral tradition's various tribal creation accounts invariably link the generative word, the resulting narrative, earth, animals, and people into one great chain of Native being. The poetics of the oral tradition, which governs Native orality, also informs modern Native writings to the extent that there's no clear demarcation between old and new, oral and written. American Indian literature is creative power controlled and propelled by a specialized vocabulary. American Indian medicine texts incorporate prose accounts, songs, poetry, dance, and sacred objects in ritual form. Works in the oral tradition fall into four major categories: the ancient tradition that existed before contact, the nineteenth- and twentieth-century works collected by ethnologists, the modern oral tradition, and current written works, which are closely informed by the oral tradition. Once Musquash, or Muskrat, is invoked by the power of the Algonquian word, Prospect becomes an example of American Indian poetics at work.
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