The hexametric poem On the Unicorn by Michael Choniates is a poetic rewriting of the parable The Man in the Well. This chapter analyses the text in comparison to the versions of the story as preserved by Barlaam and Josaphat and Stephanites and Ichnelates, and other Byzantine and early modern poems on the same subject. Next, the Byzantine imagery of the tale is described on the basis of the preserved medieval depictions. Finally, the chapter offers some reflections on Choniates, his source (Barlaam and Josaphat) and the interconnections between this poem and another hexametric one by the same author entitled On the Ladder Described in John the Ascetic.

Chapter 3 explores medieval hagiographic collections, including Iacopo da Varazze’s Legenda aurea and Domenico Cavalca’s Vite dei santi padri. By adopting conventional narratives – of young men who squander their wealth, cross-dressing female saints, and ascetics tempted by demons – but charging them with new messages, Boccaccio interrogates the nature of exemplarity and the possibility of generalizing from experience. This chapter briefly discusses Decameron 1.1, then turns to individual tales (such as 3.10) that combine details from different narratives, as well as to pairs of tales (such as 2.3 and 2.9) that manipulate elements from one saint’s life in different ways. The chapter concludes by examining Boccaccio’s reprisal of apologues embedded in the Legend of Saints Barlaam and Josaphat – a Christianized version of the life of the Buddha – especially in the partial novella recounted at the opening of Day 4 and in the final novella.