We present a general framework
for modeling a class of mechanical systems for robotic manipulation,
consisting of articulated limbs with redundant tendinous actuation and unilateral
constraints. Such systems, that include biomorphically designed devices, are regarded
as a collection of rigid bodies, inter-acting through connections that
model both joints and contacts with virtual springs. Methods previously
developed for the analysis of force distribution in multiple whole-limb
manipulation are generalized to this broader class of mechanisms, and
are shown to provide a basis for the control of
co-contraction and internal forces that guarantee proper operation of the
system. In particular, in the presence of constraints such as
those due to limited friction between surfaces or object fragility,
the choice of tendon tensions is crucial to the success
of manipulation. An algorithm is described that allows to evaluate
efficiently set-points for the control of tendon actuators that “optimally”
(in a sense to be described) comply with the given
constraints.