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The black-oil equations constitute the industry-standard approach to describe compressible three-phase flow. Black-oil models generally have stronger coupling between fluid pressure and the transport of phases/components than the two-phase, incompressible flow models discussed in the previous chapter. For this reason it is common to use a fully coupled solution strategy, in which the whole system of equations is discretized implicitly and all primary unknowns are solved for simultaneously. This chapter introduces you to the underlying physics and describes the various rock-fluid and PVT properties that enter these models, like formation-volume factors, dissolution and vaporization ratios, bubble-point pressures, saturated and undersaturated states, etc. We also explain the basics of how the resulting models are discretized and implemented in MRST. Our implementation will rely heavily on the discrete operators discussed earlier in book. We end the chapter simulating the SPE 1 benchmark case in MRST and a discussion of limitations and potential pitfalls for black-oil models.
This book provides a self-contained introduction to the simulation of flow and transport in porous media, written by a developer of numerical methods. The reader will learn how to implement reservoir simulation models and computational algorithms in a robust and efficient manner. The book contains a large number of numerical examples, all fully equipped with online code and data, allowing the reader to reproduce results, and use them as a starting point for their own work. All of the examples in the book are based on the MATLAB Reservoir Simulation Toolbox (MRST), an open-source toolbox popular popularity in both academic institutions and the petroleum industry. The book can also be seen as a user guide to the MRST software. It will prove invaluable for researchers, professionals and advanced students using reservoir simulation methods. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
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