Two new names and one new combination are created in the artificial Cynoglossum montanum group (Boraginaceae – Cynoglosseae): Cynoglossum natolicum (Bornm.) Sutorý and Cynoglossum brandii Sutorý from the Eastern Mediterranean, and Cynoglossum maghrebicum Sutorý from Morocco and Algeria. All taxa are discussed, their lectotypes are designated and their distributions are outlined.

Onosma mahabadensis Ranjbar & Almasi (Boraginaceae), a new species endemic to Iran, is described. This species belongs to Onosma sect. Aponosma DC. and is confined to the western part of Iran (West Azerbaijan Province). It is closely related to Onosma sericea Willd. and is distinguished by its subpatent-bristly indumentum (vs. appressed-sericeous) with sparse short hairs (vs. dense), and bracts 14–16 mm long (vs. 6–8 mm long). A cytogenetic analysis indicates that Onosma mahabadensis is a tetraploid species, 2n = 4x = 32, consistent with the proposed base number of x = 8 for Onosma sect. Aponosma.

Omphalodes luciliae Boiss. subsp. pisidica R.R.Mill subsp. nov. (Boraginaceae, tribe Cynoglosseae) is described from Isparta and Antalya vilayets, Turkey. Its relations with the other subspecies of Omphalodes luciliae are discussed.

Adelocaryum Brand (Boraginaceae – Cynoglosseae) is shown to be the correct name for Paracaryopsis (H.Riedl) R.R.Mill, and the new combination Adelocaryum lambertianum (C.B.Clarke) R.R.Mill is made. The new species Adelocaryum nebulicola R.R.Mill is described from Oman and its affinities with the Indian species A. coelestinum (Lindl.) R.R.Mill are discussed. A synopsis of and revised key to the entire genus is provided as well as a revised description of Adelocaryum coelestinum. As circumscribed here Adelocaryum is restricted to tall mesophytic herbs lacking long glochidiate spinules on the wing-like margin of the nutlets. The desert annual or biennial Brandella erythraea is here excluded from Adelocaryum. The new combination Brandella erythraea forma subexalata (H.Riedl) R.R.Mill is made. Lindelofia spectabilis Lehm., for which the current correct name is L. longiflora (Benth.) Baill., is designated lectotype of the genus Lindelofia Lehm.

The new species Cynoglossum vanense (Boraginaceae) from around Lake Van and Hakkâri in eastern Turkey is described and illustrated. Its larger nutlets with relatively long glochids separate it from other known species in subgenus Cynoglossum.

A new species of Onosma (Boraginaceae), O. mersinana, in sect. Asterotricha, is described from southern Turkey, and its affinities discussed.

Two new species of Boraginaceae are described from Turkey: Paracaryum hedgei and Rindera dumanii. Their affinities and phytogeography are discussed. Both species are illustrated and their distributions mapped. Rindera sect. Bilegnum is raised to subgeneric rank as Rindera subgen. Bilegnum.