The chapter focuses on Manuel's travels in Western Europe (1399–1402). It discusses at length the political aspects of his presence at the English, French and Italian courts, offering new interpretations of the events. Other topics are Manuel's personal experiences in Europe, and his letters and interactions with prominent European figures of the time. Manuel's use of relics as diplomatic gifts receives further attention. The Procession of the Holy Spirit, a theological treatise penned by the emperor at time, is analysed at length with regard to its literary features, connections to the other treatises of time and Manuel's theological thought. Other shorter writings from the same period are also investigated. The chapter ends with the defeat of the Ottomans by Tamerlane and Manuel's subsequent return to Constantinople.

The chapter covers the years 1403–16. The first part of the chapter deals with Manuel's daily life, including his life at the palace, daily routine and pastimes, followed by discussions of Manuel's court, government and his relationship with members of the elite. Through his own writings and various other primary sources, Manuel's style of governing and his perception of his imperial rank is further investigated. With regard to his political activities, Manuel's clashes with his nephew John VII, and his participation in the affairs of Thessalonike and the Morea occupy a prominent place in the chapter. The Funeral Oration is analysed from a literary point of view, while a section of the chapter offers a general assessment of Manuel as an author. Finally, Manuel's involvement in the ecclesiastical controversy of 1409 and his polemics with Makarios of Ankyra receive extensive treatment.